Skip to main content
. 2025 Oct 21;22(10):1598. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22101598
ICT Information and Communication Technologies
WHO World Health Organization
DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
PIU Problematic Internet Use
BMHD Bioecological Model of Human Development
IAM Internet Addiction Model
I-PACE An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution
UCJC Universidad Camilo José Cela
IGD Internet Gaming Disorder Multidisciplinary
EG Experimental Group
CG Control Group
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
SMA Social Media Addiction
DMUD Digital media-use disorders
IUD Internet Use Disorder
GAS Game Addiction Scale; NODS-CLiP
IGD-20 Test: Internet Gaming Disorder Test
YSR/11–18 Youth Self-Report for Ages 11–18
CBCL/6–18 Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 Years
MACI Expressed Concern Scales of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory
TMMS-24 Trait Meta-Mood Scale
EHS Escala de Habilidades Sociales
WATOCI Satisfaction with the treatment. The Working Alliance Theory of Change Inventory
CSAS Computerspielabhäng-igkeitsskala
SCL-90-R Symptom Checklist-Revised
STAI State-Trait Anxiety Index
DQVMIA Diagnostic Questionnaires for Video Games, Mobile Phone or Internet Addiction
S-MASS Social Media Addiction Screening Scale
GADIS-A Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents
SOMEDIS-A Social Media Disorder Scale for Adolescents
STREDIS-A Streaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents
SDQ Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire
PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
ESS-CHAD Epworth Sleepiness Scale-Children and Adolescents
PSS-10 Perceived Stress Scale
FCS Family Communication Scale
MAAS-5 Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale
CIAS Chen Internet Addiction Scale
SAS Self-rating Anxiety Scale
SDS Self-rating Depression Scale
BISS-11 Barrat Impulsiveness;
fMRI functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
GD Game-related outcome
C-RIGC Revised Internet Gaming Cognition Scale
PHQ-9 Patient Health Questionnaire
GAD Generalized Anxiety Disorder