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. 2025 Oct 17;14(20):1621. doi: 10.3390/cells14201621
AHR Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
ANT Adenine Nucleotide Translocase
AKAP1 A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 1
ALDH2 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2
AMPK Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase
AS Atherosclerosis
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
BBC3 BCL2 Binding Component 3 (also known as PUMA)
BDR Benzodiazepine Receptor
BNIP3 BCL2 Interacting Protein 3
BNP Brain Natriuretic Peptide
BYHWD Buyang Huanwu Decoction
Ca2+ Calcium ions
CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
CAD Coronary Artery Disease
CaN Calcineurin
CCND1 Cyclin D1
ccf-mtDNA Circulating Cell-Free Mitochondrial DNA
cGAS Cyclo-GMP-AMP Synthase
CHD Coronary Heart Disease
CHF Chronic Heart Failure
CMD Coronary Microvascular Disease
CoQ10 Coenzyme Q10
CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
CUMS Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress
CVDs Cardiovascular Diseases
CycD Cyclophilin-D
DAMP Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNM2 Dynamin 2
DRP1 Dynamin-Related Protein 1
ECFCs Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells
ECM Extracellular Matrix
ED Erectile Dysfunction
19,20-EDP 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid
eNAMPT Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
ER Endoplasmic Reticulum
ERRs Estrogen-Related Receptors
ETC Electron Transport Chain
FA Fatty Acid
FAO Fatty Acid β-oxidation
FGF-21 Fibroblast Growth Factor 21
Fis1 Fission Protein 1
FOXO3a Forkhead Box O3a
FUNDC1 FUN14 Domain Containing 1
GAS6 Growth Arrest-Specific 6
GDF-15 Growth Differentiation Factor 15
GXBD Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction
H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide
HF Heart Failure
HFmEF HF with Mid-range Ejection Fraction
HFpEF Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
HFrEF HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction
HO-1 Heme Oxygenase-1
ICAM-1 Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1
IFN Interferon
IL-1β Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-10 Interleukin-10
IMM Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
i-NOS Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase
I/R Ischemia–Reperfusion
IRI Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
IVUS Intravascular Ultrasound
JNK Jun N-Terminal Kinase
JPH2 Junctophilin-2
JXK Jin-Xin-Kang
KLF4 Krüppel-Like Factor 4
LCLAT1 Lysocardiolipin Acyltransferase 1
LDL Low-Density Lipoprotein
LETM1 Leucine Zipper EF-Containing Transmembrane Protein 1
lncRNA Long Non-Coding RNA
LPS Lipopolysaccharide
LTC Longxuetongluo Capsule
MAC Mitochondrial Apoptosis Channel
MAP1LC3B Microtubule Associated Protein 1 Light Chain 3 Beta
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
MARCHF5 Membrane Associated Ring-CH-Type Finger 5
MCU Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter
Mdivi-1 Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor 1
Mff Mitochondrial Fission Factor
Mfn1/2 Mitofusins 1/2
MI Myocardial Infarction
MIMP Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Permeabilization
MitoQ Mitoquinone
mito-TALENs Mitochondrial-Targeted Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases
MLKL Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like Protein
MMP Mitochondrial Membrane Potential
MMPs Matrix Metalloproteinases
MnSOD Manganese Superoxide Dismutase
MOMP Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization
MPO Myeloperoxidase
MPC Mitochondrial Pyruvate Carrier
mPTP Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
MQC Mitochondrial Quality Control
MRPL12 Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein L7/L12
Mst1 Mammalian Ste20-Like Kinase 1
MTFP1 Mitochondrial Fission Process 1
mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA
mtDNA-CN Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number
mtROS Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species
Mzb1 Marginal Zone B And B1 Cell-specific Protein
ND1 NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1
NF-κB Nuclear Factor-κ b
NHE Na+/H+ Exchanger
NLRP3 NOD-Like Receptor Protein 3
NMN Nicotinamide Mononucleotide
NO Nitric Oxide
NOX2 NADPH Oxidase 2
NRF1/2 Nuclear Respiratory Factors 1/2
Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2
NSmase Neutral Sphingomyelinase
Oip5-as1 Opa Interacting Protein 5 Antisense RNA 1
OMM Outer Mitochondrial Membrane
OPA1 Optic Atrophy 1
ox-LDL Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
OXPHOS Oxidative Phosphorylation
p38 MAPK p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
PAD Peripheral Arterial Disease
PFOS Perfluorooctane Sulfonate
PFOSA Perfluorooctane Sulfonamide
PGAM5 Phosphoglycerate Mutase Family Member 5
PGC-1α Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1α
PGJXD Po-Ge-Jiu-Xin Decoction
PH-LHD Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left Heart Disease
PHS Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome
PI3K Phosphatidylinositol-3-Hydroxykinase
PINK1 PTEN-Induced Kinase 1
PKC Protein Kinase Cepsilon
PM2.5 Particulate Matter 2.5
PPARα Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha
PPARγ Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma
PRRs Pattern Recognition Receptors
PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
PUMA p53 Upregulated Modulator of Apoptosis (also known as BBC3)
QSYQ QiShenYiQi Pills/Dripping Pills
QTc Corrected QT interval
Rap1 Ras-Related Protein 1
RHO/ROCK1/DRP1 Ras Homolog Family Member A/Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Containing Protein Kinase 1/Dynamin-Related Protein 1 pathway
RIPK3 Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
RYR Ryanodine Receptor
S1PR2 Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2
sGC Soluble Guanylate Cyclase
SGLT2 Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2
SIRT1/2/3/5 Sirtuin 1/2/3/5
siRNA Small Interfering RNA
SMCs Smooth Muscle Cells
SOCS1 Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1
SOD Superoxide Dismutase
SOD2 Superoxide Dismutase 2
SR Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
SS-31 Elamipretide (also known as Bendavia)
STING Stimulator of Interferon Genes
TFAM Mitochondrial Transcription Factor A
TLR4/9 Toll-Like Receptor 4/9
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
tRNA Transfer Ribonucleic Acid
TWAS Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies
VCAM-1 Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1
VDAC Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel
VDAC1 Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel 1
VSMCs Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
XYT Xinyang Tablet