| AKT | serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) kinase |
| ASO | antisense oligonucleotide |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| DDIT4 | DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 |
| DEGs | differentially expressed genes |
| DIO | diet-induced obesity |
| DMD | Duchenne muscular dystrophy |
| FAO | fatty acid oxidation |
| FOXO | forkhead box O |
| GAS | gastrocnemius |
| H&E | Hematoxylin and eosin |
| HFD | high-fat diet |
| HSkMC | human skeletal muscle cells |
| IMAT | intramuscular adipose tissue |
| MAP1LC3B/LC3 | microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta |
| LNA | locked nucleic acid |
| MetS | metabolic syndrome |
| miR-22 | microRNA-22 |
| miRNAs | microRNAs |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| mTORC1 | mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 |
| MYH | myosin heavy chain |
| MyoD1 | myoblast determination protein 1 |
| MYOG | myogenin |
| myomiRs | muscle-enriched microRNAs |
| NRF1 | nuclear respiratory factor 1 |
| OPA1 | optic atrophy 1 |
| ORO | oil red O |
| PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| PPARGC1a | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha |
| PSR | picrosirius red |
| PTEN | phosphatase and tensin homolog |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction |
| SEM | standard error of the mean |
| UTR | untranslated region |
| β-gal | beta-galactosidase |
| %CFB | percentage of change from baseline |