Abs	Antibodies
AgNPs	Silver nanoparticles
AI	Artificial intelligence
AIDS	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
ANN	Artificial neural network
AUC	Area under the curve
CNN	Convolutional neural network
CTCs	Circulating tumor cells
DGFET	Dual-gate field-effect transistor
DL	Deep learning
DNN	Deep neural network
ECM1	Extracellular matrix protein-1
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FDT	Fuzzy-based decision tree
FET	Field-effect transistor
FFNN	Feedforward neural networks
FNDs	Fluorescent nanodiamonds
GANs	Generative adversarial networks
GDCFN	Generalized deep convolutional fuzzy network
GNPs	Gold nanoparticles
GO	Graphene oxide
GPLMs	General protein language models
GPR	Gaussian process regression
IoT	Internet of Things
KNN	k-Nearest Neighbors
LMs	Language models
LOD	Limit of detection
LSTM	Long short-term memory
MERS-CoV	Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
MIPs	Molecularly imprinted polymers
ML	Machine learning
MLP	Multilayer perceptron
MLR	Multiple linear regression
MS	Mass spectrometry
MWCNTs	Multi-walled carbon nanotubes
NMs	Nanomaterials
PCR	Polymerase chain reaction
PI-RADS	Prostate imaging reporting and data system
POCT	Point-of-care testing
PSO	Particle swarm optimization
RBD	Receptor binding domain
RBMs	Restricted Boltzmann machines
RF	Random forest
RNN	Recurrent neural network
SARS-CoV	Severe acute respiratory coronavirus
SELEX	Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
SERS	Surface-enhanced Raman scattering
SPR	Surface plasmon resonance
SSO	Shuffle shepherd optimization
SVC/RBF	Support vector classifier with a radial basis function
SVM	Support vector machine
SVR	Support vector regression
VAEs	Variational autoencoders
VOC	Volatile organic compound
XAI	Explainable artificial intelligence