THz-TDS	Terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy
ATR	Attenuated total reflection
2,4-D	2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
DFT	Density functional theory
LOD	Limit of detection
USM	Umbrella-shaped metamaterial
RMSE	Root mean square error
COF	Covalent organic frameworks
PI	Polyimide
PCA	Principal component analysis
FQs	Fluoroquinolones
FMFs	Fish meal feeds
SPA	Successive projections algorithm
NF	Norfloxacin
ENR	Enrofloxacin
BPNN	Backpropagation neural network
PEF	Pefloxacin
FLE	Fleroxacin
CARS	Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling
TC4	Three-concentric C4-symmetrical split-ring
MRR-CSF	Multiple resonance response competition and selection fusion
KNN	K-Nearest Neighbor
CAP	Chloramphenicol
AuF-MM	Gold film metamaterial
CAP-BSA	CAP–bovine serum albumin
AuNPs-mAb	Colloidal gold-labeled CAP monoclonal antibodies
CSs	Citrate salts
ADA	Azodicarbonamide
SG	Savitzky–Golay
LSTM	Long short-term memory
LS-SVM	Least squares support vector machine
S. aureus	Staphylococcus aureus
E. coli	Escherichia coli
STDN	Single-bacterium terahertz dielectric nanoimaging
S. epidermidis	Staphylococcus epidermidis
AgNCs	Ag nanocubes
AFB2	Aflatoxin B2
MC	Moisture content
PFBD	Pulsed fluidized bed dryer
CNNs	Convolutional neural networks
PLSR	Partial least squares regression
SVR	Support vector regression
HSI	Hyperspectral imaging
NIR-HSI	Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging
GPR	Gaussian process regression
SVM	Support vector machine
FSS	Frequency-selective surface
FT-THz	Fourier-transform terahertz
HMT	Heat-moisture treatment
XRD	X-ray diffraction
SSA-SVM	Sparrow algorithm optimised support vector machines
UVE	Uninformative variable elimination
Meta-Sticker	Metamaterial sticker
SCARS	Stability competitive adaptive reweighted sampling
RF	Random forest
MCUVE	Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination
PLS	Partial least squares
FCNN	Fully connected neural network