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. 2025 Oct 21;26(20):10214. doi: 10.3390/ijms262010214
PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition
CDRS Cornell Dysthymia Rating Scale
SUMO1 Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier
MDA Malondialdehyde
CX3CL1 Fractalkine (Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1)
UCHL1 Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase L1
HPA Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis
BDNF Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
TrkB Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B
CREB cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein
NF-κB Nuclear Factor Kappa-light-chain-enhancer of Activated B cells
Elk-1 ETS Like-1 Protein
HDAC1 Histone Deacetylase 1
E1 (SAE1/SAE2) SUMO-Activating Enzyme Subunits 1 and 2
E2 (UBC9) SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme
E3 SUMO E3 Ligase
Topo-1 Topoisomerase-1
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
4-HNE 4-Hydroxynonenal
TNF-α Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha
IL-1β Interleukin-1 Beta
IL-6 Interleukin-6
CX3CR1 Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1
CNS Central Nervous System
NO Nitric Oxide
IGF-1 Insulin-like Growth Factor 1
NMDA N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (Receptor)
UPS Ubiquitin–Proteasome System
DUB Deubiquitinase
UCH Ubiquitin Carboxy-terminal Hydrolase
IQR Interquartile Range
CBT Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
OR Odds Ratio
INS Insomnia
LOE Low Energy
SWD Social Withdrawal
LAC Low Attention/Concentration
PSA Psychic Anxiety
LSA Low Sexual Interest/Activity
PESS Pessimism
DM Depressed Mood
GUI Guilt
LSE Low Self-Esteem
LC Lack of Control
IND Indecisiveness
SOA Somatic Anxiety
SOG Somatic General
LOP Low Productivity
DIV Diurnal Variation in Mood
IEA Irritability and Easy Annoyance
WOR Worry
SUI Suicidal Ideation
ANOVA Analysis of Variance
HSD Honestly Significant Difference (Tukey’s HSD test)
LIP Lack of Interest or Pleasure
SD Standard Deviation
PDD Persistent Depressive Disorder
CSDS Chronic Social Defeat Stress
CI Confidence Interval
ρ (rho) Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
HRP Horseradish Peroxidase
TMB Tetramethylbenzidine