ACT	Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
AHI	Apnea Hypopnea Index
AI	Artificial intelligence
Akt	Protein kinase B
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
apoB	Apolipoprotein B
Arc	Arcuate nucleus
ATS	Adipocyte-targeting peptide
ATS-9R	9-mer arginine sequence
BAT	Brown adipose tissue
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMI	Body mass index
BPA	Bisphenol A
CAAs	Cancer-associated adipocytes
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CBT	Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CCK	Cholecystokinin
ChREBP	Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
CRISPRi	CRISPR interference
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
DAG	Diacylglycerol
dCas9	Catalytically inactive Cas9
DM	Diabetes mellitus
EVs	Extracellular vesicles
Fabp4	Fatty acid-binding protein 4
FOXO1	Forkhead box 1
FTO	Fat mass and obesity-associated gene
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GLP1RAs	GLP-1 receptor agonists
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
GSK3	Glycogen synthase kinase-3
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HDL-C	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HF	Heart failure
HRpEF	Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
IL	Interleukin
IR	Insulin resistance
IRS-1	Insulin receptor substrate 1
IRS-2	Insulin receptor substrate 2
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
LEP	Leptin
LEPR	Leptin receptor gene
LIR	Liraglutide
LLMs	Large language models
LV	Left ventricle
MASLD	Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
MBSR	Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
MC4R	Melanocortin 4 receptor
ML	Machine learning
mTORC1	Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
OSA	Obstructive sleep apnea
PDE3B	Phosphodiesterase 3B
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PKA	Protein kinase A
PN	Personalized nutrition
PP1	Protein phosphatase 1
PP2A	Protein phosphatase 2A
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PPTs	Privacy-preserving technologies
PRS	Polygenic risk score
PTP1B	Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
PYY	Peptide YY
RAAS	Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system
RYGB	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SG	Sleeve gastrectomy
SOCS3	Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
SREBP-1c	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
TALENs	Transcription activator-like effector nucleases
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
VAT	Visceral adipose tissue
WAT	White adipose tissue