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. 2025 Oct 20;14(20):1633. doi: 10.3390/cells14201633
ATP Adenosine triphosphate
CASA Computer-assisted sperm analysis system
COX IV Cytochrome-c oxidase subunit IV
CS Citrate synthase
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
GLUT Glucose transporter
IDH 1/2 Isocitrate dehydrogenase
LDH Lactate dehydrogenase
MLT Melatonin
MMP Mitochondria membrane potential
NAD+ Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADH Reduced NAD+
OXPHOS Oxidative phosphorylation
PDH Pyruvate dehydrogenase
PK Pyruvate kinase
SIRT3 Sirtuin 3
SOD Superoxide dismutase
TCA Tricarboxylic acid
VC Vehicle control