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. 2025 Sep 30;15(5):157. doi: 10.3390/jox15050157
ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
DA Dopamine
NA Norepinephrine
5-HT Serotonin
DAT Dopamine transporter
NET Norepinephrine transporter
VMAT2 Vesicular monoamine transporter 2
CES1 carboxylesterase 1
ROS Reactive oxygen species
IR Immediate release
iNOS Inducible nitric oxide synthase
ER Extended release
8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine
MDA Malondialdehyde
TBARS Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
SOD Superoxide dismutase
CAT Catalase
GPx Glutathione peroxidase
MAO-B Monoamine oxidase type B
NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
AGEs Advanced glycation end products
RAGE Receptors of advanced glycation end products
MDMA Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
CK Creatine-kinase
GSH/GSSG Reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio
NF-kB Nuclear factor kappa B
NRF1 Nuclear respiratory factor 1
Nrf2 Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
BUN Blood urea nitrogen
NOX2 NADPH oxidase 2
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
AKT Protein kinase B
DRP1 Dynamin-related protein1
MFN2 Mitofusin 2
PINK1 PTEN-induced kinase 1