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. 2025 Oct 13;15(10):310. doi: 10.3390/membranes15100310
CRMs Critical raw materials
SSbD Safe and Sustainable by Design
LCA Life Cycle Assessment
LCIA Life Cycle Impact Assessment
XRD X-ray Diffraction
EDS Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
FE-SEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy
EI Economic Importance
SR Supply Risk
EF Environmental Footprint
GLO Global
GSD Geometric Standard Deviation
HiPIMS High-Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering
PGMs Platinum Group Metals