| PN | Parenteral nutrition |
| GALT | Gut-associated lymphoid tissue |
| VPI | Very preterm infant |
| µl | Microlitre |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
| NICU | Neonatal intensive care unit |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| DNAse | Deoxyribonuclease |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| ng | Nanogram |
| rpm | Revolutions per minute |
| µm | Micrometre |
| RIN | RNA integrity number |
| SAM | Significance Analysis of Microarrays |
| FDR | False discovery rate |
| PCA | Principal Component Analysis |
| IPA | Ingenuity®Pathway Analysis™ |
| B–H | Benjamini–Hochberg |
| NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance |
| Hz | Hertz |
| DSS | Sodium 3-(trimethysilyl)propane-1-1sulfonate |
| ppm | Parts per million |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| cDNA | Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Ct | Cycle threshold |
| SD | Standard deviation |
| g | Grams |
| TCR | T-cell receptor |
| fMLP | N-Formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine |
| PC | Principal component |
| d3 | Day 3 |
| d10 | Day 10 |
| IgG | Immunoglobulin G |
| PLC | Phospholipase C |
| GA | Gestational age |
| GLUT 4 | Glucose transporter 4 |