| PDOs | Patient-derived organoids |
| iPSC | Induced pluripotent stem cells |
| DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
| PBS | Phosphate buffered saline |
| AB/AM | Antibiotic antimycotic solution |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium |
| 3D | Three-dimensional |
| MSI-H | Microsatellite instability-high |
| CIMP-H | CpG island methylator phenotype-high |
| PFA | Paraformaldehyde |