Skip to main content
. 2025 Oct 17;17(20):3264. doi: 10.3390/nu17203264
BIA bioelectrical impedance analysis
BMI body mass index
BUN blood urea nitrogen
CKD chronic kidney disease
DXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
ESPEN European society of clinical nutrition and metabolism
GLIM global leadership initiative on malnutrition
HD hemodialysis
HGS handgrip strength
ISRNM international society of renal nutrition and metabolism
KDIGO kidney disease: improving global outcomes
KDOQI kidney disease outcomes quality initiative
LPDs low protein diets
MIS malnutrition-inflammation score
MICS malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome
nPCR normalized protein catabolic rate
ONS oral nutritional supplements
PD peritoneal dialysis
PEW protein energy wasting
SGA subjective global assessment