Abbrev.	Full Term	Definition/Notes
ANN	Artificial Neural Network	Machine-learning model inspired by biological neurons; learns complex nonlinear mappings.
AUC	Area Under the Curve	Usually area under the ROC curve; scalar measure of discrimination (higher is better).
CARD	Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database	Curated resource of known antimicrobial resistance genes/mutations.
CNN	Convolutional Neural Network	Deep-learning architecture well-suited to spatial/structured data (e.g., images; can be adapted to genomics).
EMB	Ethambutol	First-line anti-tuberculosis drug.
FLQ	Fluoroquinolones	Class of broad-spectrum antibiotics; key second-line drugs in TB treatment.
F1	F1-score	Harmonic mean of precision and recall; balances false positives/negatives in classification.
GBC	Gradient Boosting Classifier	Ensemble of shallow decision trees trained sequentially to correct prior errors.
INH	Isoniazid	First-line anti-tuberculosis drug.
RIF	Rifampicin	First-line anti-tuberculosis drug.
PZA	Pyrazinamide	First-line anti-tuberculosis drug.
MDR	Multidrug-Resistant	Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.
ML	Machine Learning	Methods that learn patterns from data to make predictions/decisions.
MOX	Moxifloxacin	Fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
MTB	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Bacterial species that causes most human TB.
OC-AUC-ROC	Optimism-Corrected AUC-ROC	AUC adjusted for overfitting (e.g., via bootstrap/cross-validation).
OFX	Ofloxacin	Fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
rpoB_Ser450	rpoB Ser450 mutation	Canonical rifampicin-resistance mutation (serine at codon 450) in rpoB.
katG_Ser315	katG Ser315 mutation	Canonical isoniazid-resistance mutation (serine at codon 315) in katG.
Sens	Sensitivity	True-positive rate; ability to correctly identify resistant cases.
Spec	Specificity	True-negative rate; ability to correctly identify susceptible cases.
SHAP	SHapley Additive exPlanations	Game-theoretic method to explain feature contributions in ML models.
SNP	Single Nucleotide Polymorphism	Single-base DNA variation among individuals.
VCF	Variant Call Format	Standard text format for storing sequence variants.
WGS	Whole Genome Sequencing	Determination of the complete DNA sequence of an organism’s genome.
WHO	World Health Organization	United Nations specialized agency for international public health.