25-OCH3-PPD	25-methoxy-protopanaxadiol
A20	Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 3
AA	Arachidonic acid
AGS-H	Heat-processed American ginseng saponins
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1	Activator protein-1
ApoE	Apolipoprotein E
APPswe	Amyloid precursor protein Swedish mutation
ARE	Antioxidant response element
ASC	Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
Bax	Bcl-2-associated x protein
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma 2
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BMP-2	Bone morphogenetic protein-2
Brn-3a	Brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3a
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen
C17SCV	C17 side-chain varied
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CD	Cluster of differentiation
c-Fos	c-Fos proto-oncogene
c-Jun	Cellular Jun proto-oncogen
c-Myc	Cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene
COL1A1	Collagen type I alpha 1
COVID-19	Coronavirus disease 2019
COX	Cyclooxygenase
cPLA2	Cytosolic phospholipase A2
CREB	cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein
CYP3A4	Cytochrome P450 3A4
CYP450	Cytochrome P450
EC50	Half maximal effective concentration
EGCG	Epigallocatechin-3-gallate
EMT	Epithelial to mesenchymal transition
eNOS	Endothelial nitric oxide synthase
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
Egr-1	Early growth response 1
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
Foxp3	Forkhead box P3
FUNDC1	FUN14 domain containing 1
GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid
G-CSF	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor
GLS1	Glutaminase 1
Glu	Glutamate
GLUT1	Glucose transporter 1
GM1	Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside 1
GRAS	Generally recognized as safe
GSH	Glutathione
GTPase	Guanosine triphosphatase
GZMB	Granzyme B
HaCaT	Human keratinocyte
HDAC2	Histone deacetylase 2
HMGB1	High mobility group box 1
HO	Heme oxygenase
hP2X7	Human P2X purinoceptor 7
HSP70	Heat shock protein 70
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
IC50	Half maximal inhibitory concentration
ICAM-1	Intercellular adhesion molecule-1
ICU	Intensive care unit
IDE	Insulin-degrading enzyme
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
Ig	Immunoglobulin
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor-1
IGF-1R	Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor
IκBα	Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa b alpha
IKKβ	Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa b kinase subunit beta
IL	Interleukin
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
JAK	Janus kinase
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
LOX-1	Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
MD2	Myeloid differentiation factor 2
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MI/R	Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion
MIP-1δ	Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 delta
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MRL/lpr	Murphy Roths Large/lymphoproliferation
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MW	Molecular weight
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NEP	Neprilysin
NETosis	neutrophil extracellular traps formation
NeuN	Neuronal nuclei
NFATc1	Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-kappa B
NGAL	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
NGF	Nerve growth factor
NK	Natural killer
NKG2D	Natural killer group 2 member D
NLC	Nanostructured lipid carrier
NLRP3	Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
NOX1	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
OA	Oleanolic acid
p-ACC	Phosphoacetyl-CoA carboxylase
PAM	Positive allosteric modulator
PCA	Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis
PD-L1	Programmed death-ligand 1
PEGylated	Polyethylene glycol-conjugated
PGE	Prostaglandin E
P-gp	P-glycoprotein
PI3K/AKT	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B
PKC	Protein kinase C
PKCδ	Protein kinase C delta
PLA2	Phospholipase A2
PLCγ	Phospholipase Cγ
PLD	Phospholipase D
PPD	Protopanaxadiol
PPT	Protopanaxatriol
PSEFS	Peanut sprout extracts cultivated with fermented sawdust medium
PSEN1dE9	presenilin 1 deletion of exon 9
RANKL	Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand
RC50	Half maximal response concentration
Rho	Ras homolog
RIP	Receptor-interacting protein
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SAR	Structure–activity relationship
SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
Smad	Smad family proteins
SMEDDS	Self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
STAT	Signal transducer and activator of transcription
Syk	Spleen tyrosine kinase
TAK1	Transforming growth factor-beta-activated kinase 1
t-BHP	Tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide
TGF-β1	Transforming growth factor-β1
Th	T helper
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TME	Tumor microenvironment
TNBS	Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
ULK1	Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1
UVB	Ultraviolet B
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
ZO-1	Zonula occludens-1
α-MSH	Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
α-SMA	Alpha-smooth muscle actin
γδ T cells	Epidermal gamma delta T cells