APDA	autophagy-dysregulated astrocytes
APOE	apolipoprotein E
Aβ	amyloid-beta peptides
BBB	blood–brain barrier
BDNF	brain-derived neurotrophic factor
C3	complement component 3
CD	catalytic domain
CNS	central nervous system
CFDA	China Food and Drug Administration
DAA	disease-associated astrocytes
DMF	dimethyl fumarate
FDA U.S.	Food and Drug Administration
FGF21	fibroblast growth factor 21
GCIs	glial cytoplasmic inclusions
FRDA	Friendeich’s ataxia
FXN	frataxin
GDNF	glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
GFAP	glial fibrillary acidic protein
GSK3β	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HDACs	histone deacetylases
HDACi	histone deacetylase inhibitors
HATs	histone acetyltransferases
H4	histone 4
HD	Huntington’s disease
Hsp90	heat shock protein 90
LARA	lipid-accumulated reactive astrocyte
LBs	Lewy bodies
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
NAD+	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NDDs	neurodegenerative diseases
NES	nuclear export signal
NRF2	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PET	positron emission tomography
PBA	Phenylbutyrate
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
PDEs	phosphodiesterases
SAHA	suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid
TFEB	transcription factor EB
TLE	temporal lobe epilepsy
TSA	trichostatin A
TSP	thrombospondins
VPA	valproic acid
ZBG	zinc-binding group