| SARS-CoV-1 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| S | spike |
| RBD | Receptor binding domain |
| NTD | N-terminal domain |
| PBMC | Peripheral blood mononuclear cell |
| mAb | Monoclonal antibodies |
| ELISA | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| PFA | Paraformaldehyde |
| BLI | Bio-layer interferometry |
| KD | Kinetically derived binding affinity |
| IC50 | Half-maximal inhibitory concentration |
| hACE2 | Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| RBM | Receptor-binding motif |
| spGFP | Split green fluorescent protein |
| RL | Renilla luciferase |
| ABSL-3 | Animal Biosafety Level-III Laboratory |
| PEI | Polyethyleneimine |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| Cryo-EM | Cryo-electron microscopy |
| CTF | Contrast transfer function |
| Fab | Antigen-binding fragment |
| scFv | Single-chain variable fragment |
| SEM | Standard error of the mean |
| FRNT | Focus reduction neutralization test |
| MB | Memory B |
| FSC | Fourier shell correlation |