| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| CoQ10 | Coenzyme Q10 |
| IGF-1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| DHA | Docosahexaenoic acid |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| ETC | Electron transport chain |
| EPA | Eicosapentaenoic acid |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| MMVD | Myxomatous mitral valve disease |
| AGEs | Advanced glycation end-products |
| AGE-BSA | Advanced glycation end-products bound to bovine serum albumin |
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