A	artery or splenic artery
ANOVA	Analysis of Variance
APEC	Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli
BW	body weight
°C	Celsius
CA	central arteriole
COX-2	cyclooxygenase 2
CNF	cytotoxic necrotizing factors
CFU	colony-forming unit
DAMPs	Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns
DT	dried turmeric ethanol extract
ecp	Escherichia common pilli
ECM	extracellular matrix
F	follicle or splenic follicle
g	gram
Irb-toxin	iron-binding toxin
H&E	hematoxylin and eosin
IP	intraperitoneal
JCEO	Javanese cardamom essential oil
MIC	minimum inhibitory concentration
MIZ	minimum inhibitory zone
mL/kg	milliliter per kilogram
mg/kg	milligram per kilogram
NaCl	natrium chloride
PALS	periarterial lymphoid sheath
RBC	red blood cells
ROS	reactive oxygen species radicals
RP	red pulp
TPC	total plate count
tsh	temperature-sensitive haemagglutinin
yad	Yad fimbriae
V	vasculitis
VAT	vacuolating autotransporter toxin
WP	white pulp