Table 3.

Adjusted^a least square means for quality-of-life scores over 8 weeks.

Measures	Baseline Mean (95% CI)	Week 4 Mean (95% CI)	Week 8 Mean (95% CI)	p-trend
Global quality of life	4.61 (4.25, 4.96)	4.95 (4.59, 5.32)	5.21 (4.90, 5.52)	<0.001*
Functional
Physical	1.83 (1.63, 2.03)	1.85 (1.65, 2.04)	1.84 (1.64, 2.04)	0.932
Role	1.91 (1.69, 2.13)	2.05 (1.79, 2.32)	2.15 (1.82, 2.47)	0.141
Emotional	1.60 (1.43, 1.78)	1.68 (1.47, 1.88)	1.98 (1.69, 2.27)	0.001*
Cognitive	1.69 (1.51, 1.87)	1.69 (1.50, 1.87)	1.74 (1.52, 1.97)	0.647
Social	2.04 (1.83, 2.24)	2.22 (1.95, 2.49)	2.41 (2.12, 2.70)	0.010*
Symptom
Fatigue	2.48 (2.20, 2.75)	2.49 (2.21, 2.76)	2.30 (2.03, 2.58)	0.075
Nausea and vomiting	1.61 (1.39, 1.83)	1.60 (1.39, 1.80)	1.53 (1.31, 1.75)	0.572
Pain	2.11 (1.78, 2.44)	2.05 (1.70, 2.40)	1.86 (1.55, 2.17)	0.109
Dyspnea	1.48 (1.27, 1.70)	1.63 (1.44, 1.82)	1.57 (1.37, 1.78)	0.533
Insomnia	2.12 (1.83, 2.41)	2.03 (1.73, 2.33)	2.01 (1.70, 2.32)	0.533
Appetite loss	2.08 (1.82, 2.35)	2.02 (1.76, 2.29)	1.72 (1.46, 1.98)	0.007*
Constipation	2.02 (1.73, 2.31)	1.96 (1.66, 2.27)	1.84 (1.59, 2.09)	0.250
Diarrhea	1.74 (1.44, 2.04)	1.71 (1.42, 2.00)	1.70 (1.37, 2.03)	0.829

^aAdjusted for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, household income, regular gardening engagement, and weekly time spent outdoors; *p < 0.05 indicates a significant linear trend over 8 weeks.

The five functional domains—physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social—reflect the ability to perform physical activities, fulfill life roles, manage emotions, think clearly, and interact socially, respectively.