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. 2025 Oct 28;25:430. doi: 10.1186/s12880-025-01976-8

Table 2.

Comparison of FD values within and between transcrestal and lateral window sinus lift groups at baseline (T0) and 6 month follow-up (T1)

Group Time Points ΔFD (T1–T0) P*
T0 FD T1 FD
Mean ± SD (Min–Max) %95 CI (Lower-Upper) Mean ± SD (Min–Max) %95 CI (Lower-Upper)
Transcrestal 0.92 ± 0.06 (0.80–1.01) 0.894–0.946 1.10 ± 0.07 (0.98–1.25) 1.070–1.130 + 0.18 < 0.001
Lateral window 1.28 ± 0.08 (1.14–1.42) 1.249–1.311 1.22 ± 0.09 (1.06–1.35) 1.185–1.255 –0.06 0.0032
P** < 0.001 0.009

* Paired samples t-tests used, ** Independent samples t-tests, FD = Fractal Dimension, Mean = Average, SD = Standard Deviation, Min = Minimum, Max = Maximum