Figure 1.

Cytokine circulating levels in mice at the end of treatment in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-6, Il-10 or IL-4 were measured (mean ± SEM) by ELISA in arthritic animals and the same animals treated with VIP. On day 10 of VIP treatment, differences between the arthritic group and the CIA group treated with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were statistically significant (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001). Results are the mean ± SEM of two separate experiments with 10 animals per group.