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. 2025 Oct 30;15:38043. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-21862-1

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients.

Variable Placebo (n = 28) Nano-curcumin (n = 27) P value
Age (years) 53.85 ± 10.48 50.48 ± 12.07 0.27
Gender (Male, %) 12 (42.9%) 16 (59.3%) 0.22
Height (cm) 164.62 ± 11.65 169.12 ± 10.01 0.13
Diabetes (%) 11 (39.3%) 11 (40.7%) 0.91
Physical activity (MET-hr/day) 29.66 ± 2.93 31.17 ± 3.25 0.07
Creatinine (mg/dl) 0.85 ± 0.14 0.89 ± 0.20 0.42

Qualitative data were analyzed using the Pearson Chi-Square test, while quantitative data were analyzed using the Independent Sample t-test.

Mean ± Standard Deviation.