Table 2.
Univariate analysis of factors associated with poor outcome at 6 months among ICU survivors
| Variables | Died or alive with ECOG 3 or 4 at 6 months (n = 62) |
Alive with ECOG ≤ 2 at 6 months (n = 140) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline patient characteristics | |||
| Age, years | 62 ± 12 | 63 ± 13 | 0.614 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 37 (60%) | 90 (64%) | 0.640 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24 ± 5.8 | 25 ± 5.8 | 0.211 |
| Body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2, n (%) | 10 (16%) | 9 (6%) | 0.058 |
| Simplified Acute Physiology score II | 43 ± 14 | 42 ± 14 | 0.621 |
| ECOG performance status 3 or 4, n (%) | 14 (23%) | 15 (11%) | 0.045 |
| Charlson comorbidity score | 3.8 ± 2.7 | 3.2 ± 2.0 | 0.088 |
| Underlying condition, n (%) | |||
| Type of immunosuppression | < 0.001 | ||
| Hematological malignancy | 28 (45%) | 74 (53%) | |
| Solid cancer | 23 (37%) | 19 (14%) | |
| Other a | 11 (18%) | 47 (34%) | |
| During intensive care unit stay | |||
| Randomization in the noninvasive ventilation arm, n (%) | 28 (45%) | 67 (48%) | 0.840 |
| ARDS according to the new definition at randomization, n (%) | 0.999 | ||
| No or mild ARDS | 26 (42%) | 58 (41%) | |
| Moderate or severe ARDS | 36 (58%) | 82 (59%) | |
| Bronchoalveolar lavage, n (%) | 20 (32%) | 57 (41%) | 0.670 |
| CT-scan, n (%) | 37 (60%) | 91 (65%) | 0.572 |
| Change in immunosuppressive drug regimen, n (%) | 18 (29%) | 36 (26%) | 0.750 |
| Renal replacement therapy, n (%) | 7 (11%) | 12 (8.6%) | 0.727 |
| Need for norepinephrine within 3 days after randomization, n (%) | 8 (13%) | 11 (7.9%) | 0.365 |
| Intubation, n (%) | 16 (26%) | 43 (31%) | 0.589 |
| Duration of mechanical ventilation, days | 10 ± 7 | 12 ± 9 | 0.433 |
| Reintubation, n (%) | 1 (6%) | 3 (7%) | 1.000 |
| Decision to forgo life-sustaining therapies, n (%) | 16 (26%) | 6 (4.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Cause of respiratory failure, n (%) | |||
| Microbiologically documented lung infection | 24 (39%) | 79 (56%) | 0.030 |
| Specific | 11 (18%) | 13 (9.3%) | 0.140 |
| Toxic cause | 3 (4.8%) | 8 (5.7%) | 0.999 |
| Cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 2 (3.23%) | 9 (6.4%) | 0.556 |
| Miscellaneous | 5 (8.1%) | 12 (8.6%) | 0.999 |
| No diagnosis | 15 (24%) | 18 (13%) | 0.071 |
| Short-term outcomes | |||
| Length of stay in the ICU, days | 7 [5–12] | 8 [5–14] | 0.122 |
| Length of stay in the hospital, days | 22 [14–36] | 19 [13–31] | 0.596 |
| Length of hospital stay after ICU discharge, days | 12 [5–22] | 10 [6–18] | 0.542 |
Qualitative variables are expressed in number (percentage), quantitative variables are expressed in mean ± standard deviation or median [25th−75th percentile] according to their distribution
ECOG: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; CT-scan: computed tomography scan; ICU: intensive care unit
a Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, solid organ transplant or immunosuppressive drugs for connective tissue disease