Table 5.

Adjusted ORs^a (95% CIs), versus possible/no exposure, for levels of maternal exposure to solvents during the 2 years before pregnancy up to birth.

	Probable/definite	Level 1b	Level 2c
Specific chemicals
Methanol	0.81 (0.43–1.55)	0.81 (0.38–1.70)	0.82 (0.25–2.77)
Ethanol	1.11 (0.59–2.08)	1.44 (0.61–3.39)	0.81 (0.32–2.07)
Isopropanol	0.97 (0.72–1.31)	0.92 (0.65–1.32)	1.09 (0.65–1.84)
Chloroform	0.16 (0.02–1.36)	0.30 (0.03–2.90)	—
Methylene chloride	3.22 (0.88–11.73)	4.68 (0.55–40.20)	2.49 (0.48–12.81)
Perchloroethylene	0.87 (0.35–2.18)	0.95 (0.35–2.55)	0.55 (0.05–6.34)
Acetone	1.11 (0.54–2.29)	0.95 (0.39–2.28)	1.55 (0.43–5.51)
Benzene	0.77 (0.17–3.48)	—	1.47 (0.25–8.85)
Toluene	1.98 (1.06–3.72)	3.19 (1.43–7.12)	0.68 (0.18–22.05)
Diethyl ether	0.63 (0.20–1.94)	0.67 (0.19–2.41)	0.51 (0.04–5.59)
Turpentine	1.76 (0.42–7.42)	1.64 (0.27–9.92)	2.00 (0.18–22.05)
Mixtures
Mineral spirits, post-1970	1.74 (0.99–3.06)	1.60 (0.86–2.98)	2.50 (0.66–9.46)
Chemical familiesd
Alkanes (C5–C17)*	1.78 (1.09–2.91)	1.56 (0.91–2.67)	3.39 (0.94–12.21)
Aliphatic alcohols	0.91 (0.69–1.20)	0.89 (0.64–1.23)	0.95 (0.60–1.51)
Chlorinated alkanes	2.00 (0.90–4.47)	2.18 (0.67–7.10)	1.86 (0.62–5.57)
Chlorinated alkenes	0.89 (0.37–2.11)	1.07 (0.41–2.80)	0.35 (0.03–3.53)
Aliphatic ketones	1.40 (0.71–2.77)	1.24 (0.54–2.84)	1.80 (0.52–6.17)
MAH	1.67 (1.13–2.48)	1.82 (1.15–2.87)	1.32 (0.62–2.80)
Solventse	1.11 (0.88–1.40)	1.11 (0.85–1.46)	1.11 (0.75–1.63)

MAH, mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

^aAdjusted for maternal age and level of schooling.

^bDefined as concentration × frequency < 4; baseline is possible or no exposure.

^cDefined as concentration × frequency ≥4.

^dChemical families regroup specific chemicals that belong to a family and mixtures that have components belonging to it.

^eIncludes all specific chemicals and mixtures in the table.

^*p-Value for trend = 0.04.