Table 3.
Median THM concentration in blood (pg/mL) approximately 5 min before and after water use activities.
| CHCl3 |
CHBrCl2 |
CHBr2Cl
|
CHBr3 |
TTHM
|
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NC site
|
TX site
|
NC site
|
TX site
|
NC site
|
TX site
|
NC site
|
TX site
|
NC site
|
TX site
|
|||||||||||
| Activity | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post | Pre | Post |
| Hot bev | 40 (34–44) | 31 (30–36) | 19 (8–22) | 13 (9–16) | 9 (6–17) | 8 (5–15) | 4 (4–8) | 3 (3–9) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (0.8–5) | 2 (1–4) | 1 (1–4) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–0.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 52 (41–64) | 44 (36–52) | 28 (14–32) | 21 (13–26) |
| Shower | 26 (23–83) | 290 (262–374) | 13 (11–13) | 63 (56–66) | 6 (3–8) | 93 (64–95) | 4 (3–7) | 28 (26–31) | 1 (0.6–3) | 13 (12–18) | 1 (0.9–3) | 6 (6–10) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 0.8 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.7 (0.6–1) | 34 (31–90) | 399 (338–482) | 18 (16–23) | 97 (88–108) |
| Lunch w/water | 51 (38–99) | 45 (43–54) | 37 (18–44) | 41 (33–41) | 11 (9–14) | 12 (9–13) | 6 (5–12) | 7 (5–9) | 2 (2–3) | 3 (2–3) | 2 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.6 (0.6–0.7) | 66 (51–110) | 59 (57–70) | 45 (25–62) | 48 (47–51) |
| Clothes washer I | 32 (30–44) | 52 (51–166) | 27 (19–43) | 35 (19–45) | 7 (5–9) | 12 (8–14) | 5 (4–9) | 5 (2–8) | 2 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0.8–4) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.5 (0.5–0.8) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.5 (0.5–0.7) | 43 (39–50) | 67 (66–175) | 35 (25–56) | 42 (22–58) |
| Hand washing | 36 (27–48) | 48 (34–51) | 23 (17–33) | 19 (11–43) | 9 (5–10) | 11 (6–13) | 4 (3–8) | 5 (3–8) | 2 (0.8–2) | 2 (0.9–3) | 1 (0.9–3) | 1 (0.8–3) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 47 (33–61) | 61 (41–65) | 29 (21–39) | 25 (15–31) |
| Auto dishwasher | 32 (22–36) | 38 (30–43) | 17 (14–43) | 29 (17–39) | 8 (4–9) | 9 (6–11) | 4 (3–4) | 4 (4–4) | 2 (0.7–2) | 2 (0.8–3) | 1 (0.9–5) | 1 (1–3) | 0.6 (0.6–0.6) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 42 (27–47) | 49 (37–56) | 21 (20–62) | 40 (22–45) |
| Cold bev | 30 (24–95) | 40 (29–56) | 21 (20–50) | 24 (16–85) | 7 (3–47) | 6 (5–24) | 5 (4–8) | 4 (3–9) | 2 (0.5–17) | 2 (0.8–9) | 1 (1.0–3) | 1 (0.6–3) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.5 (0.5–0.8) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 39 (29–161) | 48 (37–88) | 27 (26–62) | 36 (21–89) |
| Bath | 37 (27–40) | 161 (125–188) | 12 (8–22) | 54 (48–156) | 5 (5–14) | 41 (40–43) | 3 (2–7) | 36 (26–65) | 1 (1–5) | 10 (6–13) | 1 (0.5–3) | 10 (8–11) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 1 (0.5–1) | 44 (35–60) | 212 (181–234) | 16 (12–32) | 101 (83–231) |
| Clothes washer II | 33 (22–44) | 52 (38–61) | 22 (12–39) | 17 (—)a | 5 (5–12) | 8 (8–14) | 8 (4–8) | 5 (5–8) | 2 (0.8–3) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0.9–3) | 2 (1–2) | 0.5 (0.5–0.8) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 44 (30–50) | 66 (50–72) | 34 (18–50) | 17 (7–24) |
| Hand dish washing | 43 (39–48) | 73 (41–285) | 33 (9–41) | 42 (25–97) | 7 (5–15) | 19 (8–63) | 4 (3–9) | 12 (7–66) | 2 (0.7–4) | 6 (2–11) | 1 (0.5–3) | 3 (1.1–18.1) | 0.6 (0.5–1) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.7 (0.5–2) | 56 (45–60) | 99 (52–359) | 38 (13–53) | 58 (33–183) |
| Indirect shower exposure | 35 (28–43) | 50 (45–59) | 52 (15–52) | 19 (12–61) | 6 (5–11) | 10 (6–15) | 5 (3–9) | 6 (3–9) | 1 (1–4) | 2 (0.8–4) | 1 (0.6–3) | 2 (0.6–3) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.5 (0.5–1) | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 45 (36–53) | 63 (53–70) | 53 (21–57) | 23 (19–73) |
Abbreviations: Auto, automatic; bev, beverage; w/, with. Values shown in parentheses are ranges.
a
One participant with blood concentration of 17 pg/mL.