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. 2025 Oct 31;42(6):526–537. doi: 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2025.2025-7-125

TABLE 2. Preoperative Sonographic Findings of the Index Nodules.

Variables

Benign nodules (n = 41)

Malignant nodules (n = 35)

p

Volume (cc), median (IQR)

1.3 (0.7-3.7)

1.2 (0.5-15.1)

0.455

Longitudinal diameter (mm), median (IQR)

18.9 (13.8-24.5)

18 (12.1-39)

0.770

AP/T ratio, median (IQR)

0.71 (0.64-0.86)

0.77 (0.67-0.89)

0.229

Echogenicity, n (%)

Anechoic

0 (0)

1 (2.9)

0.540§

Hypoechoic

5 (12.2)

5 (14.3)

Isoechoic

22 (53.7)

23 (65.6)

Iso-hypoechoic

9 (21.9)

5 (14.3)

Iso-hyperechoic

3 (7.3)

1 (2.9)

Indeterminate

2 (4.9)

0 (0)

Calcification, n (%)

None

32 (78.1)

29 (82.8)

0.679§

Macro

3 (7.3)

3 (8.6)

Micro

3 (7.3)

1 (2.9)

Macro and micro

1 (2.4)

2 (5.7)

Eggshell

2 (4.9)

0 (0)

Halo sign, n (%)

-

13 (31.7)

15 (42.9)

0.315#

TIRADS, n (%)

1

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.734§

2

0 (0)

1 (2.9)

3

22 (53.7)

18 (51.4)

4

17 (41.4)

13 (37.1)

5

2 (4.9)

3 (8.6)

Mann–Whitney U test, #Pearson chi-square test, §Fisher’s exact test.

IQR, interquartile range; AP/T ratio, anteroposterior to transverse diameter ratio; TIRADS, thyroid Imaging reporting and data systems.