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. 2025 Oct 24;2025:5351950. doi: 10.1155/vmi/5351950

Table 1.

The characteristics of approved studies for analysis.

References Melatonin dosage and supplementation stage Groups and sample size Included outcomes Excluded outcomes
Takada et al, 2010 [40] 10−9 M
IVM
ON1 = 209
ON2 = 171
One group
1. Nuclear maturation
2. Cleavage rate
3. Blastocyst rate
4. DNA damage in blastocysts
1. Data of no gonadotropin supplementation of media

Farahavar et al, 2010 [41] 10−4–10−8 M
IVM
ON1 = 370
ON2 = 135
Three groups
1. Maturation rate
2. Cumulus expansion

El-Raey et al, 2011 [7] 4 × 10−7–4 × 10−8 M
IVM
ON1 = 360
ON2 = 114
Three groups
1. Maturation rate
2. Cumulus expansion
3. Mitochondrial activity and distribution pattern
4. Steroidogenesis of COCs
5. ROS levels in oocytes
1. Relative transcription of some genes not pertinent to this study
2-Data related to hydrogen peroxide

Sampaio et al, 2012 [42] 10−6–10−13 M
IVM
ZN1 = 415
ZN2 = 75
Six groups
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
1. Autoradiographic binding assay of the melatonin receptors and NQO2 enzyme

Takada et al, 2012 [43] 10−9 M
IVM
ZN1 = 208
ZN2 = 209
One group
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. Hatching/hatched blastocyst
4. DNA damage in cumulus cells
1. Data of media supplementation with melatonin without gonadotrophins

Cebrian-Serrano et al, 2013 [44] 10−3–10−12 M IVM ZN1 = 1104
ZN2 = 602
Four groups
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. Total cell number of blastocysts
1. Data of heat-stressed groups

Tian, 2014 [34] 10−3–10−11 M
IVM
ZN1 = 1581
ZN2 = 461
Six groups
1. Oocyte maturation
2. Embryo development
3. Total cell number of blastocysts
4. Relative transcription in oocytes
1. Data of melatonin receptor detection in COCs by immunofluorescence and Western blotting
2. Melatonin in bovine follicular fluid
3. Data of luzindole treatment

Ahmed et al, 2016 [45] 10−9 M
IVM
ON1 = 80
ON2 = 80
One group
1. Maturation rate
2. Cumulus expansion
3. COC diameter
1. Data of other supplements and heat-shock groups

Tsantarliotou et al, 2007 [46] 10−3–10−5 M IVM ZN1 = 439
ZN2 = 155
Three groups
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate

Rodrigues-Cunha et al, 2016 [47] 10−6, 10−9 M
IVM
ON1 = 136
ON1 = 68
Two groups
1. Maturation rate
2. Relative transcription in oocytes and cumulus cells
3. Nuclear fragmentation in cumulus cells
4. ROS in oocytes
5. Cleavage rate
6. Blastocyst rate
7. Hatching rate
1. Data of maturation at 6, 12, and 18 h and negative control of no gonadotropin supplementation of media

Remiao et al, 2016 [48] 10−6–10−12 M,
IVM
ON1 = 153
ON2 = 51
Three groups
1. Viability
2. Maturation rate
3. Cleavage rate
4. Blastocyst rate
5. ROS and GSH in oocytes
6. Total cell number and apoptosis in blastocysts
7. Relative transcript in blastocysts
1. The data of melatonin-loaded lipid-core nanocapsules

Marques et al, 2018 [19] 10−7–10−11 M,
IVM and IVC
ZN1 = 975
ZN2 = 470
Four groups (IVM)
ZN1 = 895
ZN2 = 437
Four groups (IVC)
1. GSH, ROS, and MMP in oocytes
2. Cleavage rate
3. Blastocyst rate and quality
4. Total cell number and apoptotic cells of blastocysts
5. GSH and ROS in blastocysts
6. Relative transcription in blastocysts
1. Data on supplementation throughout the IVP process

Wang et al, 2017 [49] 10−11–3 × 10−11
M
IVM
ON1 = 798
ON2 = 251
Three groups
1. Maturation rate of oocytes
2. Steroid secretion of COCs in spent medium
3. Relative transcription in COCs
4. ROS level in embryos
5. Development of androgenetic embryos (cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates)
1. Development of bovine parthenogenetic embryos (cleavage, morula, and blastocyst rates)
2. Melatonin receptors in embryos

Zhao et al, 2018 [32] 10−7–10−11 M
IVM
ON1 = 10,069
ON2 = 3852
Three groups
1. Cytoplasmic maturation of MII oocytes (redistribution of mitochondria, cortical granules, and ER)
2. Intracellular glutathione (GSH) and ATP levels
3. Relative transcription in oocytes
4. Development results
1. Western blot data
2. Receptors
3. Luzindole group
4. IP3R1 distribution and expression of CD9 and Juno

Pang et al, 2018 [20] 10−9 M
IVM
ON1 = 513
ON2 = 178
Three groups
1. Nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation
2. Blastocyst rate and apoptosis in blastocysts
3. Relative transcription in embryos

An et al, 2019 [50] 10−5–10−11 M
IVM
ON1 = 965
ON2 = 276
Four groups
1. Nuclear maturation of oocytes
2. Oxidative stress and cytoplasmic events
3. Development of embryos
1. Epigenetic modifications in embryos
2. RNA sequencing data
3. Data of SCNT

Cavallari et al, 2019 [51] 10−6 M
IVM
ZN1 = 415
ZN2 = 415
One group
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. ROS level in oocytes
1. Data of heat-shock and pro-oxidant treatment groups

El-Sheikh et al, 2019 [52] 10−7–10−9 M
IVM
ZN1 = 600
ZN2 = 200
Three groups
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
1. Data of SH6-treated oocytes

Lira et al, 2020 [53] 10−7–10−11 M
IVM
ON1 = 340
ON2 = 116
Three groups
1. Maturation rate
2. Cleavage rate
3. Morula rate
4. Blastocyst rate

Gutierres-Anez et al, 2021 [54] 10−11 M
IVM
ZN1 = 209
ZN2 = 201
One group
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. Total embryonic cells (ICM and TE)
1. The data of season, donor category, and the interaction of donor category by season effect on the cumulus–oocyte complexes yield in adult cows and prepubertal dairy cattle

Yaacobi-Artzi et al, 2020 [55] 10−7 M
IVM
ON1 = 313
ON2 = 398
Two groups
1. Cumulus expansion
2. Maturation rate
3. Cleavage rate
4. Blastocyst rate
1. Data of heat-shocked groups

Su et al, 2021 [56] 10−7 -10−10 M
IVM
ON1 = 1552
ON2 = 443
Five groups
1. Maturation rate
2. ROS levels in oocytes
1. Data of sperm
2. Data after fertilization

Cordova et al, 2022 [57] 2 × 10−7M
IVM
NA 1. Relative transcription in cumulus cells and blastocysts 1. The development outcomes and quality of parthenogenetic blastocysts
2. Data of EGF supplement to medium
3. Immunofluorescence analysis

Tutt et al, 2023 [58] 10−7 M
IVM
ZN1 = 105
ZN2 = 105
One group
1. The outcomes of embryo development 1. The results of media without CP
2. RNA-Seq analyses
3. Spent media analyses
4. DNA methylation, chromosomal errors, and aneuploidy in Day 8 blastocysts

Cheuqueman et al, 2015 [59] 10−6–10−11 M
IVF
NA 1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. Total cell count
1. Data of sperm analysis

Papis, 2007 [60] 10−4 M
IVC (2 days)
ZN1 = 100
ZN2 = 101
One group
1. Blastocyst rate of zygotes
2. Blastocyst rate of four-cell embryos
1. Data of culture at atmospheric oxygen

Wang et al, 2014, a [61] 10−3–10−11 M
IVC
ZN1 = 1481
ZN2 = 681
Seven groups
BN1 = 315
BN2 = 63
Five groups
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. Hatched blastocysts
4. Total cell number of blastocysts
5. Relative transcription in blastocysts
1. The data of melatonin receptors
2. The data of luzindole-treated groups

Wang et al, 2014, b [33] 10−7 M
IVC
ZN1 = 118
ZN2 = 117
One group
1. Cleavage rate
2. 8-cell stage rate
3. Blastocyst rate
1. Hatched-blastocyst rate of vitrified embryos
2. Relative transcription in vitrified blastocysts

Komninou, 2016 [62] 10−6–10−12 M
IVC
ZN1 = 453
ZN2 = 165
Three groups
1. Cleavage rate
2. Blastocyst rate
3. Hatched blastocysts
4. Total cell number of blastocysts
5. ROS level and apoptosis in blastocysts
6. Relative transcription in blastocysts
1. Data of nanocapsule-coated groups

Hitit et al, 2023 [63] 10−3–10−9 M
IVC
BN1 = 1846
BN2 = 709
Five groups
1. Blastocyst rat at D8 and D9
2. Hatched blastocyst at D9
3. Blastocyst cell number
4. Caspase-3/7 activity
5. Fragmentation of blastomeres
1. Data of heat-stressed embryos and groups of atmospheric oxygen tension

Note: ON1, number of oocytes in treatment; ON2, number of oocytes in control; ZN1, number of presumptive zygotes in treatment; ZN2, number of presumptive zygotes in control; BN1, number of blastocysts in treatment; BN2, number of blastocysts in control; GSH, glutathione; TE, trophectoderm.

Abbreviations: CPs, complex proteins; EGF, epidermal growth factor; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ICM, inner cell mass; IVP, in vitro production; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; NA, not applicable; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer.