Table 3.
Descriptive synthesis of outcomes resulted from melatonin supplementation of maturation media.
| Outcomes | Results in | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| CCs | Oocytes | Embryo development | |
| Diameter of COCs | No change [45] | ||
|
| |||
| Cumulus expansion | Fully expanded [7] Not expanded [7, 41, 45, 55] Reduced expansion [55] |
||
|
| |||
| Live cells (%) | No change [48] | ||
|
| |||
| DNA damage | No change [47] Reduced [43, 47] |
No significant change was observed [19, 40] | |
|
| |||
| Spindle disorganization | Reduced significantly [50] | ||
|
| |||
| CG distribution | Higher peripheral and cortical distribution [20, 32] | ||
|
| |||
| ER distribution | Higher normal distribution [32] No change [32] |
||
|
| |||
| Mitochondria distribution | Higher normal distribution [7, 32] No change [7, 32] |
||
|
| |||
| Mitochondrial activity | No change [7] | ||
|
| |||
| MMP | Higher amount [20] No change [19] Lower amount of MMP [19] |
||
|
| |||
| ATP level | Higher level [32] | ||
|
| |||
| ROS level | No change [19, 47, 51] Lower level [7, 20, 32, 47, 48, 50, 56] |
No change [19] Lower level [49] |
|
|
| |||
| GSH level | Higher level [20, 32] No change [19, 48] |
No change [19] | |
|
| |||
| Apoptosis | No change [20] Reduced [20, 50] |
Reduced [20, 48, 50] | |
|
| |||
| Two pronucleus | Increased [32] | ||
|
| |||
| Polyspermy | Decreased [32] | ||
|
| |||
| Unfertilized oocytes | Decreased [32] | ||
|
| |||
| Morula | No change [53] | ||
|
| |||
| Grade 1 blastocysts | No change [19] Decreased [19] |
||
|
| |||
| Grade 2 blastocysts | Increased [19] No change [19] |
||
|
| |||
| TCN | Increased [32, 34, 48, 50, 54] No change [19, 20, 34, 44] |
||
|
| |||
| ICM/TE | Increased [54] No change [50] |
||
|
| |||
| Antioxidant-related transcripts | Upregulation of CuZnSOD, MnSOD No change in GPX4, GPX1 Downregulation of CuZnSOD [47, 57] |
Upregulation of CAT, SOD1, and GPX No change in CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and GPX4 [32, 47] |
Upregulation of GPX, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, XIAP, MCL1 [19, 20, 48] |
|
| |||
| Apoptosis-related transcript | Upregulation of BCL-2 Downregulation of CASP3, BAX, and SHC1 [20, 48, 57] |
||
|
| |||
| Development-related transcripts | Upregulation of Tet1, Tet2, Tet3, GDF9, MARF1, DNMT1a Downregulation of Dnmt1 [32, 34] |
Upregulation of HSP70 No change in OCT4, NANOG, PU5F1, SLC1A, SLC2A, SLC3A, HSPB1, and KRT8 [19, 20, 48, 57] |
|
|
| |||
| Steroidogenic-related transcripts | Upregulation of CYP11A1, CYP19A1, StAR [49] | ||
|
| |||
| CC-specific transcripts | Upregulation of PTX3, HAS1, HAS2, LHR1, LHR2, EGFR No change in TNFAIP6, GREM1, and PTX3 [34, 57] |
||
Note: GSH, glutathione; TE, trophectoderm.
Abbreviations: CCs, cumulus cells; COCs, cumulus–oocyte complexes; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; ICM, inner cell mass; MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TCN, total cell number.