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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Nov 3.
Published in final edited form as: Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2023 Apr 8;238:107542. doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107542
Data element Source Access as Years covered Update Freq. Description
Social Vulnerability Index CDC File 2000-present Approximately every 2 years Social vulnerability measures community resilience to respond to or recover from threats to public health. The CDC SVI uses Census data for 15 social factors, including poverty, lack of access to transportation, and crowded housing, grouped into four themes. The index ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating more-vulnerable populations.
Gini Inequality Coefficient ACS API 2009-present Every year Income inequality is the extent to which income is distributed unevenly among a population. The Gini Index is a summary measure where higher values indicate greater inequality; the coefficient ranges from 0 (perfect equality, everyone receives an equal share) to 1 (perfect inequality).
Old Age Dependency Ratio ACS API 2009-present Every year The Old Age Dependency Ratio compares the size of the senior population (age 65 and over) to the size of the working-age population (18-64) to measure the social and economic impact of age structures. The ratio ranges from zero upwards; the higher the number, the greater the burden of supporting seniors on working people.
Child Dependency Ratio ACS API 2009-present Every year The Child Dependency Ratio compares the size of the child population (age 17 and under) to the size of the working-age population (18-64) to measure the social and economic impact of age structures. The ratio ranges from zero upwards; the higher the number, the greater the burden of supporting children on working people.
Air Quality Indicator - Ozone (O3) CalEPA_CES File 2014 - present Released every 4 years Air Quality Indicator - Ozone (O3). Ozone pollution causes numerous adverse health effects, including acute upper and lower respiratory symptoms, reduced lung function, and exacerbation of lung disease. CalEnviroScreen values modeled from summer month maximum-value means for 2012–2014. The values are in parts per million. O3 concentrations in these data range between 0.026–0.068 ppm.
Air Quality Indicator - PM2.5 CalEPA_CES File 2014 - present Released every 4 years Air Quality Indicator - Fine Particulate Matter <= 2.5 μm. PM2.5 includes extremely small particles and liquid droplets that when inhaled can penetrate deep into the lungs causing serious health problems. CalEnviroScreen values modeled from averages of quarterly means for 2012–2014. The values are in micrograms per cubic meter. PM2.5 values in these data range between 2 and 20 micrograms per cubic meter.
Drinking Water Quality Indicator CalEPA_CES File 2014 - present Released every 4 years The drinking water contaminant indicator considers measured chemical and bacterial contaminant levels; presence of multiple contaminants; and any past water system water-quality violations. CalEnviroScreen data (2005–2013) were aggregated from census blocks to tracts, weighted by population, and the state percentile value for each contaminant and violation type was summed for the overall score. The index ranges from 0 upwards, with higher values indicating greater concentrations of multiple contaminants.
Air Quality Indicator - Asthma ER Visits CalEPA_CES File 2014 - present Released every 4 years Air Quality Indicator - Age-adjusted rate of ER visits for asthma per 10,000 persons.
Food - Fraction of Population with Low Access USDA File 2010-present Released every 4 years USDA Food Access Research Atlas data (2015) measure access to healthy and affordable food based on distance thresholds. This indicator estimates the percentage of the census tract population that live beyond 1 mile from the nearest supermarket for urban areas, or 10 miles for rural areas.
Food - Low-Access Tract USDA File 2010-present Released approximately every 4 years Low food access tract at 1 mile for urban areas or 10 miles for rural areas. The USDA Food Access Research Atlas considers a census tract to have low food access if a significant number (500) or share (>= 33%) of individuals in the tract lives beyond a specific distance from a supermarket, supercenter, large grocery store, or other source of healthy and affordable food.
Housing - Median Year Built ACS API 2009-present Every year Median year housing units built. Housing quality is affected by a home’s age, maintenance, structure, and design. Poor air quality; lack of insulation; and potential exposure to lead, asbestos, mold, or carbon monoxide are examples of factors associated with negative health outcomes.
Housing - Pct Occupied Units Lacking Plumbing ACS calculation API 2009-present Every year Percentage of occupied housing units that lack indoor plumbing.
Housing - Pct Occupied Units Lacking Complete Kitchen ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of occupied housing units that lack complete kitchen facilities.
Housing - Pct Occupied Units with No Bedroom ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of occupied housing units with no bedroom.
Housing - Pct Occupied Units with No Vehicle Available ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of occupied housing units with no vehicle available.
Housing - Pct Occupied Units with No Computer [includes Smartphone] ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of occupied housing units with no computing device available; includes smartphone.
Housing - Pct Occupied Units with No Internet Subscription ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of occupied housing units with no internet subscription; includes cellular data.
Population Density ACS API 2009-present Every year Population density measures the number of persons per geographical area by dividing the total population by the total land area. It varies considerably across urban and rural areas and also across neighborhoods within cities. It is measured in persons per square kilometer.
Pct Hispanic ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify as of Hispanic or Latino origin.
Pct Non-Hispanic ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who do not identify as of Hispanic or Latino origin.
Pct American Indian or Alaska Native ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify their race as American Indian or Alaska Native.
Pct Asian ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify their race as Asian.
Pct Black ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify their race as Black or African American.
Pct Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify their race as Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.
Pct Multiple Race ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify as two or more races.
Pct White ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify their race as White.
Pct Some Other Race ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population who identify their race as Some Other Race.
Pct Below 100% of Fed Poverty Level ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population with estimated annual income below the Federal Poverty Level.
Pct Below 200% of Fed Poverty Level ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population with estimated annual income below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level.
Pct Below 300% of Fed Poverty Level ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of the population with estimated annual income below 300% of the Federal Poverty Level.
Pct HH that receive SNAP ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of households receiving food stamps/SNAP.
Pct HH with limited English ACS API 2009-present Every year Percentage of households that speak English less than very well.
Pct HS Grad - Age 25 or Over ACS API 2009-present Every year Educational attainment; estimated percentage of the population age 25 and over who are high school graduates.
Pct Bachelor’s Degree - Age 25 or Over ACS API 2009-present Every year Educational attainment; estimated percentage of the population age 25 and over who hold a Bachelor’s degree.
Median Household Income ACS API 2009-present Every year Estimated median annual household income in US dollars. These data range between $6875-$249,597.
Unemployment Rate - Age 16 or Over ACS API 2009-present Every year Estimated unemployment rate for persons age 16 and older.
Annual Pollutant Data from SCEHSC - Ozone SCEHSC File 1998–2009 2016 (All SCEHSC data released at once) Air Quality Indicator - Ozone (O3)
Annual Pollutant Data from SCEHSC - Nitrogen Dioxide SCEHSC File 1998–2009 2016 (All SCEHSC data released at once) Air Quality Indicator - Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Annual Pollutant Data from SCEHSC - PM2.5 SCEHSC File 1998–2009 2016 (All SCEHSC data released at once) μm
Annual Pollutant Data from SCEHSC - PM10 SCEHSC File 1998–2009 2016 (All SCEHSC data released at once) Air Quality Indicator - Fine Particulate Matter <= 2.5 μm.
Annual Pollutant data from NASA - Ozone NASA File 2000–2016 Approximately every year until 2016
Annual Pollutant data from NASA - PM2.5 NASA File 2000–2016 Approximately every year until 2016