Table 2.
The characteristic of the included studies.
| Study | Gender (M/F) |
Age (years) | Stroke duration | Aphasia type | Interventions | Outcome measures | Total time | Follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Barwood et al. (59) | G1:2/4 G2: 1/5 |
G1: 60.8 ± 5.98 G2: 67 ± 13.11 |
3.49 ± 1.27 years 3.46 ± 1.53 years |
Non-fluent aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
BDAE | 10 days | 2 months |
| 2. Chang (46) | G1;35/28 G2:33/30 |
67.3 ± 19.9 G2:66.4 ± 15.8 |
6.9 ± 3.1 days 7.3 ± 3.5 days |
Broca aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
WAB | 15 days | No |
| 3. Chen et al. (58) | G1;3/5 G2:3/4 |
65.7 66.5 |
<7 days | Broca aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
ABC | 10 days | 2 weeks |
| 4. Fan (48) | G1;25 G2:25 |
≥18 | NR | NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
ABC; AQ | 20 days | No |
| 5. Guo et al. (49) | G1:11/9 G2:12/8 |
62.1 ± 10.6 64.4 ± 8.5 |
33.1 ± 8.6 days 30.6 ± 9.4 days |
Broca aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
WAB; AQ | 24 days | No |
| 6. Haghighi et al. (47) | G1:3/3 G2:2/4 |
61.67 ± 7.06 60.50 ± 11.85 |
4–8 weeks | Broca aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
WAB | 10 days | No |
| 7. Heiss et al. (55) | G1:15 G2:14 |
68.5 ± 8.19 69.0 ± 6.33 |
50.1 ± 23.96 days 39.7 ± 18.43 days |
NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AAT | 10 days | No |
| 8. Hu et al. (4) | G1: 7/3 G2: 6/4 G3: 5/5 G4: 6/4 |
46.5 ± 12.1 48.5 ± 11.2 50.7 ± 10.4 47.3 ± 9.8 |
7.1 ± 2.7 months 7.5 ± 3.2 months 6.8 ± 2.3 months 7.7 ± 3.4 months |
Non-fluent aphasic | G1: SLT + rTMS G1: SLT + rTMS G3: SLT + sham rTMS G4: SLT |
WAB | 2 weeks | 2 months |
| 9. Lai et al. (30) | G1:21/16 G2:20/17 |
62.01 ± 6.29 61.49 ± 6.36 |
1 ~ 3 months | Various | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AQ | 8 months | No |
| 10. Li et al. (43) | G1:9/6 G2:7/8 |
65.3 ± 5.6 68.3 ± 5.8 |
47.5 ± 7.4 days 51.0 ± 9.6 days |
Motor aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AQ; WAB | 3 weeks | 3 weeks |
| 11. Liu et al. (31) | G1:24/16 G2:26/14 |
54.1 ± 6.2 53.3 ± 5.4 |
58.4 ± 15.6 days 60.2 ± 14.3 days |
NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AQ; WAB | 4 weeks | No |
| 12. Peng and Zhou (37) | G1:26/14 G2:27/13 G3:24/16 |
59.79 ± 5.58 59.80 ± 5.91 59.73 ± 5.82 |
10.4 ± 2.83 days 10.4 ± 2.76 days 10.37 ± 2.8 days |
NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS G3: SLT |
AQ; WAB | 4 weeks | No |
| 13. Qiu et al. (36) | G1:19/1 G2:18/2 |
55.00 ± 10.72 52.25 ± 15.00 |
2.12 ± 1.8 months 1.56 ± 1.6 months |
Non-fluent aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS | WAB | 4 weeks | No |
| 14. Qu et al. (35) | G1:13/7 G2:14/6 |
68.60 ± 7.78 67.80 ± 7.32 |
26.5 ± 12.5 days 25.8 ± 11.8 days |
Non-fluent aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AQ; WAB | 2 weeks | No |
| 15. Ren et al. (38) | G1:12/6 G2: 7/6 G3:9/6 |
65.95 ± 8.53 62.46 ± 10.95 63.60 ± 16.71 |
55.9 ± 19.4 days 50.6 ± 23.8 days 61.2 ± 22.7 days |
Global aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
WAB | 3 weeks | No |
| 16. Rubi-fessen et al. (50) | G1:5/10 G2:9/6 |
67.9 ± 8.12 69.6 ± 6.67 |
41.5 ± 21.5 days 48.7 ± 21.6 days |
NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AAT | 10 days | No |
| 17. Seniów et al. (54) | G1:8/12 G2:10/10 |
61.8 ± 11.8 59.7 ± 10.7 |
33.5 ± 24.1 days 39.9 ± 28.9 days |
Various | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
BDAE | 3 weeks | 15 weeks |
| 18. Shen (41) | G1:16/14 G2:17/13 |
57.31 ± 2.51 57.28 ± 2.35 |
3.75 ± 1.32 days 3.25 ± 1.25 days |
NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT |
ABC | 4 weeks | No |
| 19. Tao (40) | G1:20/11 G2:18/13 |
60.2 ± 5.1 59.3 ± 4.5 |
NR | NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT |
AQ; ABC | 4 weeks | No |
| 20. Thiel et al. (53) | G1:13 G2:11 |
69.8 ± 7.96 71.2 ± 7.78 |
37.5 ± 18.5 days 50.6 ± 22.6 days |
Various | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AAT | 10 days | 3 weeks |
| 21. Tsai et al. (52) | G1:24/9 G2:17/6 |
62.3 ± 12.1 11.6 ± 4.3 |
17.8 ± 7.2 months 18.3 ± 8.2 months |
Non-fluent aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
CCAT | 10 days | 3 months |
| 22. Waldowski et al. (56) | G1:6/7 G2:7/6 |
62.31 ± 11.03 60.15 ± 10.58 |
28.9 ± 19.4 days 48.5 ± 32.33 days |
Various | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
CPNT; BDAE | 3 weeks | 15 weeks |
| 23. Wang et al. (51) | G1:14/1 G2:13/2 |
61.3 ± 13.2 60.4 ± 11.9 |
16.8 ± 6.4 months 16.1 ± 7.3 months |
Non-fluent aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
CCAT | 2 weeks | 3 months |
| 24. Wang et al. (39) | G1:23/3 G2:11/4 G3:9/6 |
59.53 ± 1.37 57.00 ± 1.24 47.07 ± 1.37 |
< 3 months | NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
WAB | 2 weeks | No |
| 25. Weiduschat et al. (57) | G1:1/5 G2:4/0 |
66.67 ± 8.26 63.75 ± 3.83 |
45.2 ± 21.0 days 57.5 ± 23.3 days |
Various | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT + sham rTMS |
AAT | 2 weeks | 7 weeks |
| 26. Fang et al. (45) | G1:28/20 G2:30/22 |
64.3 ± 15.7 63.5 ± 16.5 |
10.7 ± 3.5 days 10.7 ± 3.7 days |
NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G2: SLT |
AQ; WAB | 4 weeks | No |
| 27. Yang et al. (42) | G1:11/9 G2:10/10 |
46.34 ± 11.5 47.64 ± 13.6 |
6 months | NR | G1: SLT + rTMS G3: SLT |
WAB | 4 weeks | No |
| 28. Yin et al. (33) | G1:24/26 G2:25/25 |
58.45 ± 3.50 57.35 ± 4.20 |
≤7 days | Various | G1: SLT + rTMS G3: SLT |
AQ; ABC | 4 weeks | No |
| 29. Zhang et al. (34) | G1:30 G2:30 |
63.2 ± 10.3 | NR | Motor aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G3: SLT |
ABC | 10 days | No |
| 30. Zhou et al. (32) | G1:30/23 G2:28/25 |
61.25 ± 8.41 59.87 ± 7.64 |
9.35 ± 3.27 weeks 8.91 ± 2.36 weeks |
Motor aphasia | G1: SLT + rTMS G3: SLT |
AQ; WAB | 4 weeks | No |
M, male; F, Female; G1, group 1; G2, group 2; G3, group 3; G3, group4; SLT, speech and language training; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; NR, not report; AAT, Aachener Aphasie Test; CCAT, Concise Chinese Aphasia Test; CPNT, Computerized Picture Naming Test; AQ, Aphasia Quotient; ABC, Aphasia Battery in Chinese; WAB, Western Aphasia Battery; BADE, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination.