Table 3.
Outcome measurement of the included studies
| No | Outcome measurement | Study ID | Number of studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Other self-designed questionnaires | [16, 17, 25–29, 31, 34, 35, 43, 48–58] | 22 |
| 2 | SEGUE (Set Elicit Give Understand End framework) | [12–17, 35, 36, 39, 40, 43] | 11 |
| 3 | Jefferson’s Empathy Scale | [7, 12–14, 18, 32, 35, 37, 43, 66] | 10 |
| 4 | Interview | [24, 56–63] | 9 |
| 5 | Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) | [21, 30, 41–43, 66] | 6 |
| 6 | Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) | [19, 21, 22, 42, 44] | 5 |
| 7 | Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) | [20–22, 42, 44] | 5 |
| 8 | Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ) | [21, 22, 37, 44, 45] | 5 |
| 9 | Psychological Medicine Inventory (PMI) | [23, 24, 66] | 3 |
| 10 | Liverpool Communication Skills Assessment Scale (LCSAS) | [15, 46] | 2 |
| 11 | Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS) | [33, 46] | 2 |
| 12 | Qualitative analysis of the discussion content | [64, 65] | 2 |
| 13 | Doctor–patient Communication Quality Evaluation Scale | [15] | 1 |
| 14 | Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | [22] | 1 |
| 15 | Emotional Intelligence Scale (EIS) | [37] | 1 |
| 16 | Physician’s Belief Scale | [38] | 1 |
| 17 | General Well-Being Schedule Scale (GWB) | [44] | 1 |
| 18 | Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) | [44] | 1 |
| 19 | Clinical Communication skills Scale | [45] | 1 |
| 20 | Sense of Security Questionnaire (SQ) | [46] | 1 |
| 21 | Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) | [47] | 1 |
| 22 | Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) | [30] | 1 |
| 23 | Interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) | [31] | 1 |
| 24 | Consultation And Relational Empathy Measure (CARE) | [32] | 1 |
| 25 | College Students’ Empathy Ability questionnaire | [33] | 1 |