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. 2025 Sep 29;44(21):6273–6296. doi: 10.1038/s44318-025-00575-1

Reagents and tools table

Reagent/resource Reference or source Identifier or catalog number
Experimental models
E. coli XL1 blue Agilent 200249
E. coli BL21 Rosetta DE3 Novagen 70954-3
E. coli ΔclpB::kan Katikaridis et al, 2021
E. coli ΔclpB This study
E. coli ΔclpP Dougan et al, 2002
Recombinant DNA
Plasmids used in this study See Appendix Table S2 Appendix Table S2
Antibodies
ClpC-specific antibody Davids Biotechnologie Self-made
anti-rabbit alkaline phosphatase conjugate Vector Laboratories AP-1000
Oligonucleotides and other sequence-based reagents
pDS56 fw seq Sigma-Aldrich 5’-CTTTGTCTTCACCTCGAG-3'
SaClpC 400 bp seq Sigma-Aldrich 5’-CGTGCACAAGTTGTGAAAG-3'
SaClpC 1000 bp seq Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GTTTCCAACCTGTACAAG-3'
SaClpC 1600 bp seq Sigma-Aldrich 5’-CTAAACGACCAATTGGTAGC-3'
SaClpC 2000 bp seq Sigma-Aldrich 5’-CAACGATTTGCTGGATTC-3'
SaClpC E32A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GGAACAGcACACCTATTATTGG-3'
SaClpC E32A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-CCAATAATAGGTGTgCTGTTCC-3'
SaClpC E106A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GTTGGAACGGcACATATTTTATTAGGC-3'
SaClpC E106A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GCCTAATAAAATATGTgCCGTTCCAAC-3'
SaClpC K85A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]CACCTAGAGCTgcAAAAGTCATTGAATTATCG-3‘
SaClpC K85A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos] TATAATGCAATGTACCAACATGATCTTG-3‘
SaClpC D356A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GGATTAAGAGcTCGTTACG-3'
SaClpC D356A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-CGTAACGAgCTCTTAATCC-3'
SaClpC R9A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]GATTAACTGAGgcTGCACAGCGCGTATTAGC-3'
SaClpC R9A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]TACCAAATAAGGATCCTCTCATAGTTAATTTCTCCTC-3'
SaClpC R122A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]GTGTTGCAGCAgcAGTTTTTGCAAATCTAGA-3'
SaClpC R122A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]CTTCATTTTCACGAATCAAGCCTAATAAAATATGTTC-3'
SaClpC N462A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]AATGAATGGAAGgcTGCACAAAATGGCATGT-3'
SaClpC N462A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]TTTAGCTTCTTCATATTGCTTTTCAAGTTTTGTTTG-3'
SaClpC T7D fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GGTAGATTAgaTGAGCGTGCAC-3'
SaClpC T7D rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-GTGCACGCTCAtcTAATCTACC-3'
MtClpC K85A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]TACCCCCCGCGCCgcAAAGGTCCTCGAG-3'
MtClpC K85A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]AACGGAATGTGCCCAGACGGCGCCTGCTG-3'
MtClpC D364A fw Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]TCAAGGGCCTGCGGGcCCGGTACGAGGC-3'
MtClpC D364A rv Sigma-Aldrich 5’-[Phos]GGATCTCGATGGTGTGCTCCACCGTCGGCTCACC-3'
Chemicals, enzymes and other reagents
Kanamycin Sigma K4000
Ampicillin Roth K029.2
Protino™ Ni-IDA Macherey-Nagel MN745210.30
Protease inhibitor Pepstatin A Roth 2936.3
Protease inhibitor Aprotinin Roth A162.3
Protease inhibitor Leupeptin Roth CN33.4
DNaseI Roche 10104159001
Phusion HF DNA-Polymerase ThermoScientific F-530
T4 DNA Ligase NEB M0202L
Imidazole Roth 3899.4
Pyruvate kinase Sigma P7768
FITC-casein (Casein fluorescein isothiocyanate) Sigma C0528
Bradford reagent BioRad 5000006
Phospho-L-Arginine (lithium salt hydrate) Cayman Chemical 23123
Arg Sigma A8094
ATP Sigma A26209
NADH Sigma 43420
PK/LDH Sigma-Aldrich P0294
PEP (Phospho(enol)pyruvic acid trisodium salt hydrate) Sigma P7002
ATPγS Roche 11162306001
Glutaraldehyde Sigma G6403
SYPRO Ruby Protein Gel Stain Thermo Fisher S12000
Uranyl acetate Ted Pella 19481
IPTG (Isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) Roth CN08.3
BSA Serva 11930.04
ECF substrate GE Healthcare RPN3685
Software
FIJI https://imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads
Prism 10 Graphpad
ChimeraX 1.8 Pettersen et al, 2021
Prometheus Panta Analysis software (version 1.4.3) NanoTemper
EPU software ThermoFisher
EMAN2 v.2.12 Tang et al, 2007
IMAGIC-4D van Heel et al, 1996
cryoSPARC v4.7.1 Huber et al, 2018
Clustal Omega https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/msa/clustalo/
Jalview Waterhouse et al, 2009
Refeyn DiscoverMP software Refeyn TwoMP
AlphaFold 3 Jumper et al, 2021; Varadi et al, 2024
AlphaFill Hekkelman et al, 2023
Phenix v.1.21.2 Adams et al, 2010
Coot v.0.9 Emsley et al, 2010
Other
French Pressure cell press Sim-Aminco
Superdex S200 Cytiva 28-9893-35
CLARIOstarplus plate reader BMG Labtech
PrometheusTM Panta NanoTemper
PrometheusTM standard capillaries NanoTemper PR-C002
ÄKTA pure Cytiva
Superose 6 Increase 10/300 GL column Cytiva 29-0915-96
Talos L120C electron microscope Thermo Fisher Scientific
Image-Reader LAS-4000 Fujifilm
Refeyn Mass Photometer Refeyn
GloQube Quorum
Vitrobot Mark IV Thermo Fisher Scientific
Talos Arctica Thermo Fisher Scientific
300-kV Titan Krios G2 microscope Thermo Fisher Scientific
96-well plates (black) Greiner 655079
96-well plates (transparent) Greiner 655180