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. 2025 Nov 4;25:1543. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-08122-6

Table 3.

Demographic characteristics of the participants

Control Group Intervention Group Test Result
Mean SD Mean SD
Age 23.00 1.478 22.59 0.95

t = 1.59

df = 91

p = 0.11

Grade Point Average (GPA( 17.09 0.83 17.39 0.65

t=−1.91

df = 91

p = 0.05

Count Percentage Count Percentage Test Result
Gender Male 24 25.8% 20 21.5%

2 =1.27

df = 1

p = 0.25

Female 20 21.5% 29 31.2%
Trauma Course No 28 30.1% 33 35.5%

2 =0.14

df = 1

p = 0.70

Yes 16 17.2% 16 17.2%

To assess the homogeneity of age and GPA between the two groups, we employed an independent t-test. Chi-squared tests were conducted to evaluate the homogeneity of gender and trauma course across the groups