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. 2025 Nov 4;25:1543. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-08122-6

Table 4.

Comparison of the results of participants’ knowledge before and after the intervention

Control Group Intervention Group Total
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Knowledge (Before) 2.59 1.14 2.51 1.06 2.55 1.10
Knowledge (After) 4.86 1.40 5.59 0.67 5.25 1.14
Test Result

t=−7.39

df = 43

p = 0.001

t=−17.18

df = 48

p = 0.001

t=−15.20

df = 92

p = 0.001

The paired t-test was used for comparison the result of participants’ knowledge before and after the intervention

Effect size dppc2 sensu Morris (2008) = 0.73

Effect size dKorr sensu klaauer (2001) = 0.75