TABLE 1.
Population characteristics and leptospirosis diagnostic test results according to the PCR testing practicesc,d
| Variable | All (n = 143) |
Blood PCR only (n = 82) |
Urine and blood PCR (n = 55) |
Urine PCR only (n = 6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 38 (30–53) | 35 (27–49) | 43 (31–58) | 43.5 (32–48) |
| Male gender | 108 (75.5) | 56 (68.3) | 46 (83.6) | 6 (100) |
| Outcome | ||||
| Severe form | 26 (18.2) | 9 (11.0) | 17 (30.9) | 0 (0) |
| Death | 4 (2.8) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (3.6) | 0 (0) |
| Delay between the onset of symptoms and daysa | ||||
| First consultation | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–5) | 5.5 (5–6) |
| Blood sampling for PCR | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–7) | –e |
| Urine sampling for PCR | 6 (5–8) | – | 6 (5–8) | 8 (7–9) |
| Antibiotic intake prior to samplingb | ||||
| Blood PCR | 45/135 (33.3) | 21/80 (26.3) | 24 (43.6) | – |
| Urine PCR | 43/61 (70.5) | – | 39 (70.9) | 4 (66.7) |
| Positive PCR testing | ||||
| Blood or urine PCR | 116 (81.1) | 59 (72.0) | 52 (94.5) | 5 (83.3) |
| Blood PCR | 96/137 (70.1) | 59 (72.0) | 37 (67.3) | – |
| Urine PCR | 51/61 (83.6) | – | 46 (83.6) | 5 (83.3) |
| Positive IgM testing | 87/136 (64.0) | 33/56 (59.0) | 22/40 (55) | 2/4 (50) |
| Positive MAT testing | 24/35 (69) | 6/11 (54.6) | 5/10 (50) | 0/4 (0) |
a
One missing data for the date of blood PCR sampling.
b
Antibiotic intake prior to sampling was defined as administered since at least the day before sampling of blood or urine for PCR testing, two missing data (One missing data for the date of blood PCR sampling and one missing data for antibiotic initiation date).
c
Quantitative variables are expressed as median (25th percentile-75th percentile), qualitative variables are expressed as number (%), and n/N is given when data are missing or when IgM or MAT were not performed.
d
IgM, Immunoglobulin M; MAT, microscopic agglutination test; PCR, polymerase chain reaction.
e
"–", not applicable.