Table 5. Detection of ZEA on various sensing platforms along with their analytical parameters.

S. No.	Method	Analyte	Electrode modifier	Linear range	LOD	Sample/recovery	Ref.
1	EC	ZEA	MNPs-aptamer/TRFLNPs-cDNA	0.001–10 ng mL−1	0.21 pg mL−1	Maize/80.76–119.66%	271
						Wheat/90.04–114.75%
2	TR-aptasensor	ZEA	—	0.001–100 ng mL−1	0.51 pg mL−1	Maize/94.4–98.0%	243
3	EC	ZEA	ZEA/CGO-ZBA/BSA/PCS/AuNPs/CS@AB-MWCNTs/GCE	10 fg mL−1–10 ng mL−1	3.64 fg mL−1	Corn oil/92.81–99.58%	272
						Corn flour/101.12–111.5%
4	EC	ZEA	Au/Cys/PDIC/ZEA/Apt	0.01–1000 ng mL−1	0.017 ng mL−1	Maize grain/87–110%	262
5	DPV	ZEA	Thi/GO/MCH/Apt/AuNPs/Nafion/p-PtNTs/AuE	0.5 pg mL−1–0.5 μg mL−1	0.17 pg mL−1	Maize/97.3–106%	273
6	Colorimetric aptasensor	ZEA	—	10–250 ng mL−1	10 ng mL−1	Corn oil/101.24–104.92%	274
						Corn/92.34–115.59%
7	Colorimetric aptasensor	ZEA	—	4–128 ng mL−1	4 ng mL−1	Maize powder/96.44–99.78%	275
						Mouse feed/95.99–103.73%
8	Colorimetric aptasensor	ZEA	—	20–8000 ng mL−1	10 ng L−1	Human serum/95–103%	276
9	Aptamer-based lateral flow test strip	ZEA	—	5–200 ng mL−1	20 ng mL−1	Corn/93.4–114.2%	277
10	EC	ZEA	GCE/rMoS2-Au/Aps/BSA/L-CPs	0.001–10 ng mL−1	0.5 pg mL−1	Maize/95.9–105.2%	278
11	DPV	ZEA	Anti-ZEA/MCM-41-Fe2O3	1.88–45 ng mL−1	0.57 ng mL−1	Amaranthus cruentus seeds	279
12	HPLC	ZEA	—	1.29–16.88 ng mL−1	1.29 ng mL−1	Field corn	280
13	CV	ZEA	Apt/Pt@AuNPs/TB/PEI-MoS2-MWCNTs/Au	0.5 pg mL−1–50 ng mL−1	0.17 pg mL−1	Beer/85.3–100.2%	281
14	EC	ZEA	Cu@L-GA/NPs/Apt/PANI-AuNPs/GCE	1 fg mL−1–100 ng mL−1	0.45 fg mL−1	Beer/92–105%	282
15	DPV	ZEN	ZEN-BSA/EDC-NHS/SPCE	8–32 ng mL−1	2 ng mL−1	Beer/89–97%	283
						Wine/91.5–96.5%
16	CV	ZEN	CoPC/SPCE	25–400 ng cm3	0.15 ng cm3	Corn/94.1–103.9%	284
	DPV
17	DPV	ZEN	—	100–600 ng mL−1	29.47 ng mL−1	Corn flour, corn starch and Malt	285
18	CV	ZEN	SWCNTs/SPCE	2.5 × 10−8–1× 10−6 M	5 × 10−9 M	Cornflakes/98.6–103.3%	286
	DPV
	EIS
19	DPV	ZEN	PAN/Glu/PGE	5–30 and 60–100 nM	1.66 nM	Dairy juices	287
	SWV
	EIS
20	EC	ZEN	ZENxpAb/AuNPs/MWCNTs/PEI/SPCE	0.1 pg mL−1–0.1 ng mL−1	0.15 pg mL−1	Maize/100.4–104.6%	288
21	CV	ZEN	ZEN/MCH/DNAS2-Apt/AuNPs/Fe3O4NRs/rGO/AuE	0.5 pg mL−1–0.5 ng mL−1	0.105 pg mL−1	Maize/91.6–104.4%	289
	DPV
	EIS
22	EIS	ZEN	MCH/DNAH1/CoSe2/AuNRs/AuE	10 fg mL−1–10.0 ng mL−1	1.37 fg mL−1	Maize/93.6–103.4%	290
23	EC	ZEN	Ab/EDC-NHS/LA/Au	0.010–10 nM	1.9 pg mL−1	—	291
24	CV	ZEN	ZEN/BSA/biotin-Ab/streptavidin/GCE	10 pg mL−1–3 ng mL−1 and 3–12 ng mL−1	3.7 pg mL−1	Urine/98.5–101%	292
	EIS
25	EC	ZEN	3D CF-L TB3+/Co3O4 NC/SPE	0.001–500.0 μM	0.34 nM	—	293
26	CV	ZEN	MIP/AuNPs/rGNRs/GCE	1–500 ng mL−1	0.34 ng mL−1	Maize	263
	DPV
27	CV	ZEN	ZEN/MCH/L3/AuNPs/rGO–COOH–apt/GCE	0.01 ng mL−1–10 ng mL−1	0.91 pg mL−1	Corn/98.0–101.3%	267
	EIS					Wheat/90.0–108.8%
	DPV					Oat/82.0–106.0%
						Bran/94.0–98.75%
28	DPV	ZEN	GCE/P–Ce-MOF@MWCNTs/TB/Pt@Au/ZEA	50.0 fg mL−1–50.0 ng mL−1	12.0 fg mL−1	Semen coicis/97.06–102.9%	264
29	CV	ZEN	CuO@GO/GCE	10–150 ng mL−1	0.012 ng mL−1	Milk/84.4–97.0%	269
	DPV
30	CV	ZEN	AuNP-SE/ZEN	10 ng kg−1–10 mg kg−1	1.1 ng kg−1	Maize and oats	294
	DPV
31	SERS	ZEN	Substrate (MSN-Rh6G-AuNPs)	3–200 ng mL−1	0.22 μg L−1	Corn	295
32	SERS	ZEN	—	10–1000 μg kg−1	3.6 μg kg−1	Maize/86.06–111.23%	296
33	Fluorescence based aptasensor	ZEN	—	0.01–100 ng mL−1	1.2 pg mL−1	Corn and oat flour	297
34	EC	ZEN	VMSF/ITO	0.001–1000 ng mL−1	1.2 × 10−6 ng mL−1	Maize/97.1–103%	298
						Chestnut/96.0–105%
35	ECL	ZEN	ZEN/MB/ZBA/BSA/cDNA/CS/NGQDs-Ru@SiO2/GCE	1.0 × 10−15–5.0 × 10−8 g mL−1	0.85 fg mL−1	Maize flour/93.2–102.8%	299
36	CV	ZEN	MIP/AuSPE	1 × 10−4–1 × 102 ng mL−1	3.4 × 10−5 ng mL−1	Maize/92–108%	300
	EIS
37	EC	ZEN	B-ZIF@CNP/Ag/Ab/Anti-IgG-Bio/A-GOx-modified AuE	0.87–1058.5 pg mL−1	0.87 pg mL−1	Wheat, peanuts and feed/76.4–108.2%	301
38	DPV	ZEN	PEI-rGO/Pt@AuNRs	1–1 × 106 pg mL−1	0.02 pg mL−1	—	302
39	DPV	ZEN	ZEN/BSA/Apt/PEI@T@M/AuE	1 × 10−5–1 × 10−11 mg mL−1	1.64 fg mL−1	Beer/87.7–105.2%	270 and 303
	CV					Corn starch/98.2–101.2%
	EIS
40	EIS	ZEN	SPCE/CS-CNT-Pd/EDC-NHS/ZEN/-MAb/ZEN	0.25–16 ng mL−1	0.25 ng mL−1	Corn/86.5–98.6%	303
	CV
41	OMPD	ZEN	GPE/CNH/GNP	10–1000 μg kg−1	4.40 μg kg−1	Corn/91–105.2%	304
42	CV	ZEN	MIP/g-C3N4NS/BSA@MnO2/GCE	1.0–10.0 ng L−1	0.25 ng mL−1	Rice	305
	EIS
43	OWLS immunosensor	ZON	APTS/SA/EDC-NHS	0.01–1 pg mL−1	0.002 pg mL−1	Maize	306
44	FRET	ZEN	(Aptamer-SAF-UNCP-FGO) probe	0.005–100 ng mL−1	0.0018 ng mL−1	Maize/92.30–110.68%	307
45	EIS	ZEN	ZEN/BSA/Apt/CuBi-BPDC/AE	1 fg mL−1–10 ng mL−1	0.19 fg mL−1	Milk/91.2–109.9%	308
	DPV			0 fg mL−1–1 × 109 fg mL−1	0.73 fg mL−1	Rice/92.0–109.9%
46	DPASV	ZEA	Cu-MOF/Fe3O4-GO/GCE	159.2–2865.2 ng mL−1	23.14 ng mL−1	Maize powder/93.3–97.7%	268
						Rice flour/94.9–113.3%
47	CV	ZEA	MIP/CuHCF/rGNR-rGO/GCE	0.25–500 ng mL−1	0.09 ng mL−1	Corn meal/97.30–102.18%	309
	DPV
48	Amperometry	ZEA	Bi2S3@CNF/GCE	0.125–375.5 μM	0.61 μM	Wheat and oats/98.9–99.15%	310