Table 7. Detection of CIT using a variety of analytical methods along with their LODs.

S. No.	Method	Analyte	Electrode modifier	Linear range	LOD	Sample/recovery	Ref.
1	ECL	CIT	MIP/NCQDs/Ru(bpy)3@SiO2	1.0 × 10−3–1.0 × 10−1 ng mL−1	5.0 × 10−6 ng mL−1	Red rice/95.5–102%	375
						Millet/99.2–102%
2	SWV	CIT	MIP/[APMIm]Br/BN-HPC/GCE	1.0 × 10−2–10 ng mL−1	1.0 × 10−4 ng mL−1	Red yeast rice/98.4–102%	368
						Rice/97.3–112%
						Wheat/102–107%
3	Cas12a/EXPAR-HCR	CIT	—	0.005–500 μg mL−1	0.127 ng mL−1	Oat/97–104%	373
						Flour/105–111%
4	FRET-based immunosensor	CIT	—	1 × 10−12–6 × 10−12 M	1 × 10−13 M	Human serum	376 and 377
5	Spectrofluorimetry	CIT	—	0–0.15 μg mL−1	1.0 μg kg−1	Red fermented rice/91.6–95.0%	377
6	UiO66-MOF	CIT	—	0.08–1.00 μM	0.042 μM	Wheat and feeds	378
7	DF-ICA	CIT	—	—	0.06 ng mL−1	Corn/86.3–111.6%	367
8	HPLC-FLD	CIT	DNA1/MB/p-PtNTs/MCH/TDN-Apt/AuE	0.1–1 × 104 ng mL−1	1.95 × 10−2 ng mL−1	Corn/97.02–99.04%	370
9	ic-ELISA	CIT	—	5.9–230 pg mL−1	0.6 μg mL−1	Wine/intra-assay (84.7–92.0%) and inter-assay (83.6–91.6%)	379
10	HPLC	CIT	—	0.005–50 μg g−1	0.001 μg g−1	Apple and pear/84–101%	380
11	DPV	CIT	cDNA/MB/PtPdCo MNZs/MCH/TDN-Apt/AuE	0.01–1 × 104 ng mL−1	7.67 × 10−3 ng mL−1 (DPV)	Cornmeal/96.98–104.15% (DPV) and 101.17–108.01% (SWV)	369
	SWV				1.57 × 10−3 ng mL−1 (SWV)	Red yeast rice/96.81–103.84% (DPV) and 102.49–107.22% (SWV)
12	UHPLC-MS/MS	CIT	—	1–1000 μg kg−1	0.07 μg kg−1	Red rice/82–92%	381
						RYR/90–104%
13	X27-based real time immune-PCR (rtIPCR)	CIT	—	0.1–1000 ng mL−1	0.08 ng mL−1	Rice flour/90.0–104.6%	382
					20 ng mL−1 (in Monascus-rice or Monmascus products)	Flour/75.8–110.0%
14	LC-MS/MS	CIT	—	—	0.14 ng mL−1 (in urine)	Urine/94.8–107%	383
					0.04 ng mL−1 (in plasma)	Plasma/96.2–109%
15	CZE	CIT	—	4.5–150.0 μg kg−1	1.5 μg kg−1	Peper/98%	384
16	UHPLC-HRMS	CIT	—	>LOD-4.0 ng mg−1	0.003 ng mL−1	Urine/70–86%	385
17	ciELISA	CIT	—	—	0.04 ng mL−1	Wheat/87.1–115.6%	386
					0.007 ng mL−1	Corn/86.6–107.9
18	RAFTPP-HPLC	CIT	MIP/NIP	1–100 μg kg−1	0.35 μg kg−1	Rye/98–100.0%	387
19	DPV	CIT		0.1-	4.52 × 10−11 g mL−1		374
				0.1–10000 ng mL−1
20	HPLC	CIT	—	50–200 μg kg−1	3 μg kg−1	Dark tea/89.87–98.92%	388