Table 8. Analytical parameters of various methods used for the detection of bacterial & marine biotoxins.

Sr No.	Method	Analyte	Electrode modifiers	Linear range	LOD	Sample/recovery	Ref.
1	CCB	Staphylococcus aureus		100–107 CFU mL−1	1 CFU mL−1		395
2	Signal-off	Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs)	—	0.01–10 nM	10 pM	Orange juice/98–104%	396
3	SELEX	Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs)	—	0–500 ng mL−1	5.72 ng mL−1	—	397
4	DPV	Staphylococcus aureus	Ab2/AuNPs/MOFs/BSA/GCE	10–7.5 × 107 CFU mL−1	6 CFU mL−1	—	398
	CV
	EIS
5	CV	Staphylococcus aureus	BICP/PTAA/S. aureus	10–108 CFU mL−1	2 CFU mL−1	Milk/103.6–122.5%	399
	EIS
6	DPV	Saxitoxin (STX)	Pt–Ru@C/ZIF-67/SPE	1–1000 ng mL−1	26.7 pg mL−1	Fresh water	409
7	EIS	Saxitoxin (STX)	—	1.0–200 nM	0.03 nM	—/103%	410
8	SWV	Saxitoxin (STX)	pPtNPs/STX aptamer	10 pg mL−1–1 μg mL−1	4.669 pg mL−1	Freshwater	411
	EIS
9	CV	Ciguatoxins (CTXs)	O + V + CTX1B/MB	0.5–32 pg mL−1	—	Fish	412
	DPV
10	CV	Saxitoxin (STX)	Au/APT/MCH/STX	0.3–30 μg L−1	0.3 μg L−1	—	413
11	CV	Tetrodotoxin (TTX)	MIP/SPGE	5.0–25.0 μg mL−1	1.14 μg mL−1	Mussel/81.0–110.2%	414
	DPV
12	DPV	Domoic acid (DA)	CB-SPEs	5000–0.016 ng mL−1	1.7 ng mL−1 (in buffer) and	—	415
					1.9 ng mL−1 (in mussel extract)
					0.15 ng mL−1 (in buffer) and 0.18 ng mL−1 (in mussel extract)
		Okadaic acid (OA)		100–0.01 ng mL−1
13	EC	Domoic acid (DA)	PDA-rGO/PAM/GCE	1–600 nM	0.31 nM	Mussel extract	416