Table 2.
Behavioral and environmental related risk factors related to Giardia infection
| Status of Giardia infection | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Category | Negative (%) | Positive (%) | Total (%) |
| Keeping of animals | Yes | 50 (87.7) | 7 (12.3) | 57 (17.1) |
| No | 252 (91.0) | 25 (9.0) | 277 (82.9) | |
| History of deworming | Yes | 5 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (1.5) |
| No | 297 (90.3) | 32 (9.7) | 329 (98.5) | |
| Child swimming in water | Yes | 17 (94.4) | 1 (5.6) | 18 (5.4) |
| No | 285 (90.2) | 31 (9.8) | 316 (94.6) | |
| Washing hands after defecation | Yes | 193 (86.9) | 29 (13.1) | 222 (66.5) |
| No | 109 (97.3) | 3 (2.7) | 112 (33.5) | |
| Washing hands before and after eating | Yes | 246 (89.1) | 30 (10.9) | 276 (82.6) |
| No | 56 (96.6) | 2 (3.4) | 58 (17.4) | |
| Handwashing after soil contact | Yes | 100 (90.9) | 10 (9.1) | 110 (32.9) |
| No | 202 (90.2) | 22 (9.8) | 224 (67.1) | |
| Dirty fingernails | Yes | 85 (95.5) | 4 (4.5) | 89 (26.6) |
| No | 217 (88.6) | 28 (11.4) | 245 (73.4) | |
| Eating unwashed fruits | Yes | 104 (86.7) | 16 (13.3) | 120 (35.9) |
| No | 198 (92.8) | 16 (7.2) | 214 (64.1) | |
| Wearing footwear | Yes |
174 (88.8) | 22 (11.2) | 196 (58.7) |
| No | 128 (92.8) | 10 (7.2) | 138 (41.3) | |
| Sources of drinking water | Municipal tap water | 172 (93.5) | 12 (6.5) | 184 (55.1) |
| Water trucking | 127 (86.4) | 20 (13.6) | 147 (44.0) | |
| Well water | 3 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | |
| Water storage | Plastic containers | 30 (85.7) | 5 (14.3) | 35 (10.5) |
| Tanks | 272 (91.0) | 27 (9.0) | 299 (89.5) | |
| Coverage of water container | Covered | 195 (88.6) | 25 (11.4) | 220 (65.9) |
| Uncovered | 107 (93.9) | 7 (6.1) | 114 (34.1) | |
| Sanitary condition at home and outside | Good | 162 (89.0) | 20 (11.0) | 182 (54.5) |
| Poor | 140 (92.1) | 12 (7.9) | 152 (45.5) | |
| Type of toilet | Open defecation | 276 (89.6) | 32 (10.4) | 308 (92.2) |
| Pit latrine | 2 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | |
| Others | 24 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (7.2) | |
| Sewage disposal | Dustbin | 8 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (2.4) |
| Garbage pit | 127 (97.7) | 3 (2.3) | 130 (38.9) | |
| Open field outside compound | 123 (80.9) | 29 (9.1) | 152 (45.5) | |
| Other | 44 (100) | 0 (0.0) | 44 (13.2) | |