Figure 4. Morpho male preference based on visual cues alone.

Probabilities of (A) approaching and (B) touching a con-subspecific female for M. h. bristowi males (purple) and M. h. theodorus males (orange) from Ecuador, as well as the probabilities of (C) approaching a con-specific female for M. h. helenor males (blue) and M. a. achilles males (green) from French Guiana, measured during experiment 4. The dotted line indicates the expected probability of approaching/touching a model if no preference is present. The p-values resulting from the binomial GLMM testing for preferentially directed interactions toward one female dummy are shown next to the corresponding graphs.

Figure 4—figure supplement 1. Morpho male pattern-based discrimination (experiment 2).

Probabilities of (A) approaching and (B) touching a con-subspecific female for M. h. bristowi males (purple). The M. h. bristowi males had the choice between a wild-type M. h. bristowi female model (on the right) and a modified M. h. bristowi female model with a narrowed blue band pattern like M. h. theodorus (on the left). The dotted line indicates the probability of approaching/touching a model expected if no preference was found. The p-values of Wilcoxon tests testing the significant departure from the 0.5 probability are shown next to the corresponding graphs.

Figure 4—figure supplement 2. Morpho male color-based discrimination (experiment 3).

Probabilities of (A) approaching and (B) touching a con-subspecific female for M. h. theodorus males (orange). The M. h. theodorus males had the choice between a WT M. h. theodorus female model and a modified M. h. bristowi female model with a narrow blue band pattern like M. h. theodorus. The dotted line indicates the probability of approaching/touching a model expected if visual preferences are lacking. The p-values of Wilcoxon tests testing the significant departure from the 0.5 probability are shown next to the corresponding graphs.