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. 2025 Nov 5;14:RP106098. doi: 10.7554/eLife.106098

Figure 5. Divergent chemical compounds found on the genitalia of sympatric Morpho males.

nMDS representation of the differences in the concentration of (A) C8 to C16 chemical compounds and (B) C16 to C30 chemical compounds found in the genitalia of M. h. helenor and M. a. achilles males and females, calculated using Bray-Curtis distances. M. h. helenor are shown in blue (males are in dark blue and females in light blue), and M. a. achilles are shown in green (males are dark green and females are light green). The result of the PERMANOVA (999 permutations) testing the effect of sex and species on the chemical composition of M. h. helenor and M. a. achilles is shown on each figure.

Figure 5.

Figure 5—figure supplement 1. Chromatograms ilustrating the chemical compounds found on male and female genitalia.

Figure 5—figure supplement 1.

Example of a chromatogram obtained when comparing the chemical compounds from C16 to C30 found on male genitalia (A) and on female genitalia (B). The red chromatogram shows the chemical compounds of M. h. helenor individuals and the blue one the chemical compounds of the M. a. achilles individuals. Arrows point at specific compounds only found in M. h. helenor males (red arrows) or M. a. achilles males (blue arrows).