Appendix 2—table 1. Permutation-based ANOVAs performed in order to test whether sex, taxa, or the angle of illumination have an effect on the estimated hue and brightness measured on the proximo-distal plane of Morpho wings.

We observe that the effect of sex is always significant on the variations of brightness hinting at sexual dimorphism. Hue is also significantly different between the allopatric sub-species of M. helenor, M. h. theodorus, and M. h. bristowi, whereas it was very similar for the two sympatric species M. h. helenor and M. a. achilles, suggesting convergence in wing coloration between the two sympatric species.

	Hue Specular French Guiana	Hue Specular Ecuador	Brightness Specular French Guiana	Brightness Specular Ecuador	Brightness 30° tilt French Guiana	Brightness 30° tilt Ecuador
Sex	0.062	0.001 ***	0.002 **	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.001 ***
Species	0.188	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.066	0.506	0.007 **
Angle	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.001 ***
Sex:Species	0.030 *	0.002 **	0.001 ***	0.001 ***	0.020 *	0.114
Species:Angle	0.485	0.638	0.188	0.362	0.006 **	0.050 *