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. 2025 Nov 5;14:RP106098. doi: 10.7554/eLife.106098

Appendix 3—table 1. Annotation of the chemical compounds significantly associated with both sexes of M. helenor or M. achilles using an Indicator value analysis.

We used an Indicator Value analysis to find the chemical compounds allowing us to discriminate the males and females of M. helenor and M. achilles separately. Because we used a protocol allowing for the detection of small peaks during the MZmine analysis to not exclude ‘pheromone-like’ molecules, our analysis is sensitive to small spectral variations. This could explain why some compounds were associated with different (but similar) MZmine-detected occurrences. X refers to an undetermined double bond position or configuration (Z or E). The ‘Ions’ column describes the spectrum with the major ion, followed by other ions in intensity order, and the underlined visible ion corresponding to the molecular ion.

Sex Dataset Annotation LRI Ions Species p-value
Males C8 to C16 (E)-β-Ocimene 1048 93; 79; 41; 136 M. helenor 0.0491
Phenyl ethyl alcohol 1112 91; 122; 65 M. achilles 0.0004
Unknown compound 1 1123 80; 52; 73; 98; 124 M. helenor 0.0311
Ethyl octanoate 1195 88; 57; 101; 43; 73; 127; 172 M. helenor 0.0001
Tetradec-1-ene 1390 43; 55; 69; 83; 97; 196 M. achilles 0.0282
Ethyl decanoate 1394 88; 101; 43; 73; 155; 200 M. helenor 0.0001
Dodec-x-enol 1454 55; 68; 41; 82; 96; 184 M. helenor 0.0002
Ethyl dodecanoate 1593 88; 101; 43; 73; 155; 228 M. helenor 0.0001
(x)-Ethyl Tetradec-x-enoate 1764 88; 55; 41; 96; 166; 254 M. helenor 0.0001
(x)-Tetradec-x-enyl acetate 1784 43; 68; 54; 82; 96; 194 M. helenor 0.0001
C16 to C30 Ethyl hexadecanoate 1993 88; 101; 43; 73; 155; 284 M. helenor 0.0001
Unknown compound 2 2046 44; 207; 49; 83; 55; 69 M. helenor 0.0001
Geranyl decanoate 2148 69; 93; 41; 121; 136; 308 M. helenor 0.0001
(Z)-Ethyl Octadec-9-enoate 2168 55; 41; 69; 88; 83; 310 M. helenor 0.0001
Ethyl octadecanoate 2193 88; 101; 43; 55; 157; 312 M. helenor 0.0001
Unknown compound 3 3109 44; 207; 57; 71; 85; 281 M. achilles 0.0096
(x)-Tetradec-x-enyl hexadecanoate 3148 68; 82; 96; 194; 43; 450 M. helenor 0.0001
Unknown compound 4 3342 207; 43; 55; 73; 81; 95 M. achilles 0.0159
(x)-Tetradec-x-enyl octadecanoate 3350 68; 82; 96; 194; 43; 57 M. helenor 0.0001
Females C8 to C16 Dec-1-ene 990 56; 41; 70; 83; 97; 140 M. helenor 0.028
Dodec-1-ene 1190 43; 55; 69; 83; 97; 168 M. helenor 0.0302