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. 2025 Oct 23;16:1664699. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1664699

Table 7.

Independent samples t-test of pre- and post-test DDS scores between the intervention and control groups.

Subjects Group (mean ± SD) t p
Control group (n = 30) Intervention group (n = 30)
Pre-test DDS 68.50 ± 9.28 67.67 ± 5.02 0.433 0.667
Post-test DDS 68.67 ± 9.76 75.30 ± 6.88 −3.041 0.004**

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.