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. 2025 Oct 23;16:1672790. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1672790

Table 1.

Demographic features for pet dogs enrolled in SOC and SOC + IL-15.

COTC022 SOC COTC030 SOC + rhIL-15
Intent to treat population N = 157 N = 37 P-value
Age in years (Median, range) 8.3 (1.4-15.6) 8 (2-12) 0.958
Weight (kg) (Median, range) 38.8 (25-94.5) 41.5 (26.4-74.6) 0.121
Sex
Castrated Male 83 (53%) 14 (37.8%) 0.184
Spayed Female 64 (41%) 20 (54%)
Intact Male 7 (4.5%) 1 (2.7%)
Intact Female 3 (1.5%) 2 (5.4%)
ALP Status
Normal 118 (75%) 30 (81%) 0.524
Elevated 39 (25%) 7 (19%)
Tumor Location
Proximal humerus 33 (21%) 11 (29.7%) 0.278
Non-proximal humerus 124 (79%) 26 (70.3%)
Distal Radius 57 14
Distal Tibia 27 5
Distal Femur 19 3
Proximal Tibia 9 1
Ulnar 4 1
Other 8 2
Intent-to-treat population
Started inhaled rhIL-15 NA 36 (97.3%) 0.248
Completed inhaled rhIL-15 a NA 33 (89.2%)
Started carboplatin 149 (94.9%) 33 (89.2%)
Reason off study
Disease progression on study 52 (33.1%) 17 (45.9%) 0.322
Disease progression during follow-up period 69 (43.9%) 12 (32.4%)
Complicating disease/intercurrent illness 13 (8.2%) 2 (5.4%)
Follow-up period completed 9 (5.7%) 1 (2.7%)
Refused further treatment 6 (3.8%) 1 (2.7%)
Death on study 2 (1.2%) 1 (2.7%)
AEs/side effects 3 (1.9%) 3 (8.1%)

AE, adverse events.

a

3 of the 33 dogs missed between 1–3 doses of inhaled rhIL-15 but completed the majority of the treatment course.

b

Clinical, imaging, or necropsy evidence.