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. 2025 Nov 5;15:38828. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-23495-w

Table 4.

Experimental data of ISE for various materials.

Type of ISE Number Material Data bulk Sources
N-ISE 1 MgO single crystals 41 Feng and Nix42
2 16MND5 steel 19 Renjo et al.49
3 High entropy alloy 29 Haušild45
NR-ISE 4 ZrO2 ceramic 59 Wang et al.21
5 Cu single crystals 64 Yang et al.22
6 Y2O3-ZrO2 ceramic 15 Luo et al.23
C-ISE 7 Cu bicrystal 147 Zhang et al.28
8 Inconel 718 120 Voyiadjis et al.29
9 Fe-Si bicrystal 57 Xiao et al.52