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Multi-scale finite element modelling approaches for impact
(A) Macro-scale FE model example, (B) fine meshing strategy for local damage capture, (C) zero-thickness cohesive-surface representation for delamination, (D) 3D woven fabric modeling approach, (E) micro-scale representative volume element (RVE), and (F) meso-scale modeling for yarn-level response. Adapted from cited modelling studies. Data and criteria compiled from Refs.49,177
