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. 2025 Nov 6;15(51):43293–43303. doi: 10.1039/d5ra06441d

Table 2. Analytical characteristics of calibration curve.

Parameter Sample volume
100 mL 500 mL 1000 mL
Amount of exchanger (mg) 50 65 50 65 50 65
pH 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Optimum [AHDDO] (M) 1.0 × 10−4 1.0 × 10−4 5.0 × 10−5 5.0 × 10−5 2.5 × 10−5 2.5 × 10−5
Stirring time (min) 10 10 15 15 20 20
Beer's range (μg mL−1) 0.25–11.7 0.1–2.25 0.05–1.35 0.15–8.16 0.02–0.575 0.1–1.79
Ringbom range (μg mL−1) 0.75–10.8 0.25–2.00 0.15–1.20 0.30–7.90 0.1–0.550 0.30–1.55
Molar absorptivity (L mol−1 cm−1) 4.14 × 105 7.82 × 106 3.91 × 107 2.81 × 106 9.78 × 107 3.15 × 106
Sandell's sensitivity (ng cm−2) 0.0056 0.0012 0.0008 0.0038 0.0005 0.0022
Intercept −0.009 0.005 0.007 −0.011 −0.004 0.010
Slope (ng mL−1) 0.15 0.04 0.43 0.18 1.50 0.69
Correlation coefficient (r) 98.75 99.25 99.67 99.10 99.85 99.50
Detection limit (ng mL−1) 75.0 30.0 15.0 25.0 6.00 10.0
Quantification limits (ng mL−1) 250 100 50.0 80.0 20.0 35.0
RSD (%) 6.15 2.55 2.25 5.78 1.90 5.25