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. 2025 Nov 6;15(51):43293–43303. doi: 10.1039/d5ra06441d

Table 5. Measurement of zinc concentrations in various water samples.

Sample Added (ng mL−1) Founda (ng mL−1) Recovery (%) FAASa (ng mL−1) t-Testb F-Valuec
Tap waterd 2.3 ± 0.1g 2.3 ± 0.2g
75.0 78.0 ± 0.1 100.91 76.5 ± 0.3 1.55
150.0 151.5 ± 0.2 99.47 12.1 ± 0.4 3.23
River watere 10.5 ± 0.3 10.4 ± 0.8
125.0 134.0 ± 0.2 98.89 137.5 ± 0.7 3.59
250.0 265.5 ± 0.4 101.92 257.5 ± 0.6 1.67
Sea waterf 15.5 ± 0.3 15.5 ± 0.5
200.0 213.0 ± 0.2 98.84 219.0 ± 0.9 1.42
400.0 420.5 ± 0.3 101.20 408.0 ± 1.2 3.05
Well waterd 7.6 ± 0.1 7.5 ± 0.2g
250.0 261.0 ± 0.2 101.32 252.0 ± 0.2 3.73
500.0 501.5 ± 0.2 98.80 515.0 ± 0.2 1.57
Waste waterc 72.5 ± 0.3 72.7 ± 2.3
225.0 300.5 ± 0.6 101.01 295.0 ± 0.9 1.28
450.0 520.0 ± 0.2 99.52 527.0 ± 1.2 2.87
a

Averages ± standard deviations of six determinations.

b

The critical t-value (α = 0.05, df = 5) = 2.57.

c

The critical F-value (α = 0.05, df = 5) = 5.05.

d

Collected from Zagazig, Egypt.

e

Collected from Benha, Egypt.

f

Collected from Alexandria, Egypt.

g

After preconcentration.